Tehran’s Path Into Cyber Warfare

Bottom Line: In the past decade, Iran’s cyber capabilities have evolved from a tool used to lash out against domestic opponents of the Islamic Republic to a central pillar of its national strategy of holding adversaries at risk and gleaning crucial foreign intelligence. Despite a fall in disruptive Iranian cyberattacks against the U.S. since July 2015 with the signing of the JCPOA, Tehran continued to bolster its national and proxy cyber capabilities as part of its efforts to counteract adversaries Saudi Arabia and Israel and hold the U.S. at risk.

Background: After falling victim to several cyber intrusions in the early 2000s, Iran focused on ramping up its toolkit and now maintains the ability to launch offensive cyberattacks against domestic and international opponents of the regime.

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