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A Reference for Cyber Operations

NATO’s Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence last month published the Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations, a follow-on project to the first, 2013, edition of the manual, which focused on cyber operations in peacetime.

The work of a distinguished and geographically diverse group of legal experts is the culmination of a yearslong effort, and picks up where the first – the Tallinn Manual 1.0 – left off, addressing the bulk of cyber activity, which falls below the threshold of war.

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