Open Source Report for Friday, April 25, 2025

THE TOP HEADLINES

Report for Friday, April 25, 2025

Hegseth reportedly installed unsecured internet line in his office to connect to Signal

Trump tells Putin to “Stop” following attack that killed 12 in Kyiv

Senior Russian military officer killed in car explosion in Moscow region

In recent weeks, Houthis have downed 7 US Reaper drones

China tells US to ‘cancel all unilateral tariffs’ if it wants talks

CIPHER BRIEF EXCLUSIVES

Space: A Final Frontier for National Security? Two leading space security experts — Charles Galbreath, senior resident fellow at the Mitchell Institute’s Spacepower Advantage Center of Excellence and retired U.S. Space Force colonel, and Clayton Swope, deputy director of the Aerospace Security Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. — warned of growing militarization in space, with China emerging as the chief U.S. rival. Galbreath said China leads in space weapons due to U.S. restraint, while Swope outlined Beijing’s aggressive launch and surveillance programs. Both dismissed Russia as a declining space power, citing its outdated systems and reckless threats like a nuclear anti-satellite weapon. They emphasized leveraging U.S. private sector innovation, especially in broadband and space logistics, to maintain superiority. Galbreath stressed the need to deter conflict by demonstrating the U.S. can deny adversaries’ space capabilities. Swope called for infrastructure investment akin to a "transcontinental railroad" in space to build a sustainable and secure future domain. The Cipher Brief 

OPINION–Russia Risks Following in the Footsteps of Syria’s Dictatorship. Glenn Corn, a former senior executive of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and current adjunct professor at the Institute of World Politics, argues that Russian President Vladimir Putin may be repeating the same fatal errors made by Syria’s Bashar al-Assad. Corn notes how Assad rejected compromise offers from the U.S. and Turkey in late 2024, accelerating his regime’s collapse when domestic loyalty evaporated. Corn warns that Putin risks a similar fate by spurning diplomatic overtures from President Donald Trump, who since January 2025 has actively pursued negotiations to end the war in Ukraine. While Kyiv has shown flexibility, Putin continues to make extreme demands and escalate attacks. Corn suggests that even Russian elites may be subtly signaling their unease, referencing how a Russian media outlet published an account of Assad’s downfall, perhaps as a warning. If Putin ignores these lessons and rebuffs Trump’s efforts, Corn warns, Russia may face deepening isolation, economic decline, and internal unrest. The Cipher Brief

THE AMERICAS

Polygraph Threats, Leaks and Infighting: The Chaos Inside Hegseth’s Pentagon. At least five senior political appointees have been fired or resigned at the Pentagon. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth has said he is referring some of them for criminal investigation. Hegseth is under investigation by the Pentagon’s inspector general for allegedly mishandling classified information through his Signal chats. Stories abound of his temper and anxieties over being fired.  After a leaked story that he was planning to give Elon Musk a classified briefing on China, infuriating President Trump,  Hegseth threatened Admiral Christopher Grady, then the acting chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, by shouting, “I’ll hook you up to a f—ing polygraph!” Hegseth threatened others with polygraphs, including Lt. Gen. Doug Sims, the joint staff director.  The Wall Street Journal reported that he spent hours on the phone lining up support outside the Pentagon and was late to many meetings during his recent trip to the Asia-Pacific region. Wall Street Journal 

Hegseth reportedly installed unsecured internet line in his office to connect to Signal. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth had an internet connection installed in his office that directly connected to the public internet, bypassing the Pentagon’s security filters and protocols, the Associated Press reported on Thursday.  He used what the industry calls a “dirty” internet connection to connect his personal computer, equipped with a Signal messaging app, to the outside world. Hegseth’s use of an unsecured internet connection raises the possibility that adversaries could have obtained sensitive defense information.  A “dirty” line would mask the user and would not show up as an IP address assigned to the Defense Department. It may not comply with the record-keeping requirements of federal law. Chief Pentagon spokesman Sean Parnell said in a statement that the defense secretary’s “use of communications systems and channels is classified…However, we can confirm that the secretary has never used and does not currently use Signal on his government computer.” He did not deny the Associated Press account that Hegseth requested a line at his desk where he could use his own computer, and that he was using three computers at his Pentagon desk – his personal computer, a separate computer for classified information, and a third for sensitive defense information. This practice appears to violate a Pentagon rule that prohibits bringing personal electronic devices, which are vulnerable to spying, into the defense secretary’s office.  Associated Press

Pentagon leadership vacuum overwhelms Hegseth’s office: ‘It’s a free-for-all’. A chaotic leadership vacuum has engulfed Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s office, following the abrupt dismissal of several senior staff just 100 days into his tenure. Hegseth, a political appointee with no prior government experience, is now surrounded mostly by personal allies — including his wife, his lawyer, and a few loyalists — leaving the Pentagon without experienced leadership. The resulting disarray is stalling vital tasks, including weapons program oversight and preparations for a $1 trillion defense budget. Officials describe the situation as a “free-for-all,” with staff infighting, lack of structure, and eroded credibility. One former official bluntly called the team “a punchline.” Politico  

A lapse like Hegseth’s Signal habit cost others their security clearances. The Washington Post reviewed hundreds of cases involving contractors alleged to have used unauthorized technology or mishandled sensitive government information, as Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth may have done when he disclosed the details of impending airstrikes in Yemen using the commercial messaging platform Signal. The newspaper found that in at least five cases, the contractor lost credentials even for inadvertent lapses or when government information had not been compromised.  Hegseth shared on Signal the imminent timing and movements of U.S. warplanes being sent to attack the Houthis in Yemen. Typically, the Post reported, accessing such information would require a code word and a secure line of communication. Hegseth, during a Tuesday interview on Fox News, defended his communications by saying, “What was shared over Signal then and now, however you characterize it, was informal, unclassified coordination for media coordination and other things. That’s what I’ve said from the beginning.”  Washington Post

Elon Musk stepping back after relentless controversy, goals falling short. Elon Musk’s shouting match with Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent was only the latest fracas in a three-month government stint marked by unremitting controversy. He clashed with Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Transportation Secretary Sean P. Duffy, and economic adviser Peter Navarro in meetings or on social media, calling them incompetent or liars. He infuriated President Trump’s aides with unscripted remarks and abrupt dictates such as his email to the entire federal bureaucracy, demanding to know what each recipient had accomplished. His claim that DOGE would save the government $1 trillion by combating fraud, waste, and abuse was shown to be wildly exaggerated. In a Cabinet meeting earlier on April 10, he acknowledged the real figure was closer to $150 billion. Polls showed that most Americans had an unfavorable view of him and said he had too much power. Washington Post

Trump Signs Executive Order Calling for U.S. Deep-Sea Mining. President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Thursday, launching U.S. deep-sea mining efforts. The aim is to secure critical minerals vital for national security, defense systems, and supply chain independence. The move directly challenges the United Nations-backed International Seabed Authority, signaling a shift away from multilateral regulation. By partnering with firms like Canada’s Metals Co., the U.S. seeks to reduce reliance on China, which dominates mineral processing, especially of cobalt, nickel, and manganese. Trump’s order frames deep-sea mining as a strategic counter to China’s influence and essential for military and technological resilience. Critics, including environmental groups, warn of ecological damage and a breakdown in global cooperation. Wall Street Journal

Trump planning to offer Saudi Arabia $100 billion arms package. The U.S. plans to offer Saudi Arabia an arms package worth more than $100 billion, Reuters reported Thursday. If all goes as planned, President Donald Trump is expected to announce it during his visit to the kingdom in May. The elements of the package haven’t been disclosed. Reuters suggested it might include a range of advanced weapons systems from Lockheed Martin Corp, including C-130 transport aircraft, missiles, radars, and weapons systems from RTX Corp, Boeing, Northrop Grumman Corp., and General Atomics.  Saudi Arabia has expressed interest in buying $20 billion of General Atomics' MQ-9B SeaGuardian-style drones and other aircraft. In 2017, Trump proposed to sell $110 billion of weapons systems to Saudi Arabia, but most of those weren’t shipped after the Saudi government was implicated in the murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi. In 2021, Congress imposed a ban on sales of offensive weapons to Saudi Arabia over the Khashoggi killing and to pressure the kingdom to wind down its Yemen war. Under U.S. law, major international weapons deals must be reviewed by members of Congress. The ban on offensive weapons sales was lifted in 2024, after Hamas' Oct. 7, 2023, attack on Israel. The deal may include Lockheed's F-35 jets. The complication is that the U.S. must guarantee that Israel receives more advanced American weapons than Arab states, maintaining Israel’s "Qualitative Military Edge" (QME) over its neighbors. Israel has owned multiple squadrons of F-35s for nine years, so Saudi officials can argue they won’t be given an unfair advantage over Israel by finally being allowed to purchase a few of the advanced warplanes. Reuters

Trump administration reportedly flouted judge’s order blocking transport of Venezuelan to Texas for possible deportation. On April 15, the Trump administration moved a Venezuelan man, identified as "A.S.R.," from Pennsylvania to Texas for possible deportation, despite a federal judge’s order blocking his removal from her jurisdiction. The transfer occurred just half an hour after the order was issued, however, raising questions about whether the government acted to avoid judicial oversight. A.S.R., who had worked in construction in Philadelphia, was accused—based on a neighbor’s tip—of belonging to the criminal gang Tren de Aragua, a charge he denies. The deportation attempt is part of a broader Trump policy using the rarely invoked Alien Enemies Act to remove Venezuelans allegedly tied to the gang. The administration has designated Tren de Aragua a terrorist organization and sought to deport members to El Salvador. Courts, including the Supreme Court, have issued rulings to limit these deportations, prompting the administration to relocate detainees to Texas—a jurisdiction perceived as more favorable—before they could obtain court protections. Civil rights groups, including the ACLU, argue that the administration is bypassing legal checks by moving detainees across jurisdictions. The incident reflects the administration’s broader effort to ramp up deportations during the president’s second term, amid ongoing legal and constitutional concerns. Reuters The Independent 

As immigrant arrests surge, complaints of abuse mount at America’s oldest detention center in Miami. The Krome Detention Center in Miami is overwhelmed as President Donald Trump’s immigration crackdown causes migrant arrests to surge, tripling Krome’s capacity. Reports detail unsanitary conditions, overcrowding, medical neglect, and staff shortages. At least three detainees have died this year, including a Ukrainian man whose health concerns were allegedly ignored. Amid rising complaints, Trump shut down Department of Homeland Security oversight offices. Detentions nationwide are near 48,000, prompting plans to expand to 100,000 beds. Critics warn the lack of oversight and harsh conditions risk humanitarian disaster, with protests and legal challenges mounting in response. Associated Press 

Haitian gangs kill 4 soldiers, 4 civilians in attempt to seize full control of the capital. At least eight people, including four soldiers and four armed civilians allied with law enforcement, were killed in recent gang attacks around Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The violence struck the communities of Kenscoff and Pacot, with additional deaths reported in Canapé-Vert, one of the few areas not yet overrun by gangs. Shocking videos on social media show gunmen desecrating bodies and saying, “we got the dogs.” Local leaders and officials expressed grief and condemned the attacks, stressing the need for stronger security measures. “It was a personal initiative that they died for, so that the criminals wouldn’t come and take over their area,” said one police officer, referencing the civilians who died in a bid to protect their community. Gangs now control over 85% of the capital and continue expanding into new areas. The Haitian government and a Kenyan-led, United Nations-backed mission have struggled to contain the violence, which has killed over 5,600 people in the past year and displaced more than one million. The UN warns that Haiti is nearing a tipping point without urgent international support. Associated Press 

Gunmen kill mother and son who worked with search group to uncover Mexico's 'ranch of horror.’ Two members of the citizen search group Guerreros Buscadores, Carmen Morales and her son Jaime Ramirez, were shot and killed on Wednesday by gunmen on a motorcycle in Jalisco, Mexico. The pair had helped uncover the "ranch of horror," a cartel-linked site where remains and personal items of hundreds of victims have been found. They had been searching for a missing relative since February and had reportedly received threats before their deaths. Authorities, however, have not officially linked their killing to their search work. Another group member, Teresa Gonzalez, was also recently murdered. Jalisco, home to the powerful Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), is among Mexico’s states with the highest number of missing persons—over 124,000 nationwide—fueling public distrust in government efforts to address the crisis. Reuters La Jornada 

THE UKRAINE UPDATE

Trump tells Putin to “Stop” following attack that killed 12 in Kyiv. After Russia’s deadly missile and drone attack on Kyiv, killing at least 12 and injuring over 90, President Donald Trump issued rare criticism of Vladimir Putin on Thursday, saying, “Vladimir, STOP!” and calling the strikes “not necessary” and “very bad timing.” This came just hours after Trump had claimed Russian President Vladimir Putin was ready to make peace and days after he criticized Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky for rejecting his controversial peace plan, which includes recognizing Crimea as Russian and barring Ukraine from NATO. Trump still insists a deal is near and said he expects Putin to listen to him. His envoy Steve Witkoff meets Putin for the fourth time on Friday in Moscow. Thursday’s Russian assault was the deadliest on the capital, Kyiv, since last summer.  Zelensky said nearly 70 missiles, including ballistic ones, and about 150 attack drones had targeted cities across the country — although Kyiv was hit the hardest. Axios New York Times Washington Post Politico  Reuters Associated Press

Witkoff in Moscow for talks with Putin. U.S. Special Envoy Steve Witkoff arrived in Moscow on Friday to meet with President Vladimir Putin amid efforts to broker a Ukraine ceasefire. His visit follows a deadly Russian missile strike on Kyiv. Despite criticism over his pro-Kremlin stance, Witkoff continues pushing President Donald Trump's deadline-driven peace initiative, warning of U.S. withdrawal if talks stall. Kyiv Independent

US to Demand Putin Accept Ukraine’s Right to Military Force. The U.S. is demanding that Russia recognize Ukraine’s right to maintain its own military and defense industry as part of a proposed peace agreement, according to Bloomberg, which cited “people familiar with the matter.” Agreeing to let Kyiv have an adequately equipped and manned army, as demanded by Ukraine and its European allies, would mean Russian President Vladimir Putin would have to give up on his goal for Ukraine’s demilitarization, one of his main stated war aims. The Trump administration also seeks the return of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant and control of key regions like Kharkiv, while offering potential recognition of Crimea as Russian. U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff is expected to raise these points directly with Putin. Trump is pushing both sides to negotiate quickly, warning he may abandon talks otherwise. Meanwhile, President Volodymyr Zelensky insists no progress is possible without a complete ceasefire, and Europe remains skeptical of the U.S.-led plan. Bloomberg

US Aid Pullback is Making Ukraine More Vulnerable to Russian Hacks. The Trump administration’s funding cuts to U.S. cybersecurity assistance have severely weakened Ukraine’s digital defenses against Russian cyberattacks. Since January, key programs supported by US Agency for International Development, National Security Agency, and U.S. Cyber Command—including equipment delivery, training, and intelligence sharing—have been scaled back or halted. This comes as the administration pressures Ukraine to accept a peace deal and reviews all foreign aid for alignment with its priorities. Experts warn the cuts make Ukraine more vulnerable, undoing years of work to protect infrastructure and government systems. While allies like the UK and Canada are stepping in, they can't match the scale of previous U.S. support. Bloomberg

Trump should direct anger at Putin, who ‘must stop lying’ about Ukraine, Macron says. French President Emmanuel Macron, speaking from Madagascar, condemned President Vladimir Putin for “lying” about wanting peace in Ukraine, highlighting Russia’s deadly missile strike on Kyiv as proof. “Putin must stop lying at last,” Macron said. He urged that U.S. frustration should be aimed at Moscow, not Kyiv: “There is an aggressor, Russia, and there is a victim, Ukraine.” As Washington pushes a peace deal potentially recognizing Crimea as Russian, Macron insisted Trump’s anger should be directed solely at President Vladimir Putin. Politico EU

Kyiv Mayor Vitali Klitschko says Ukraine may have to give up land for peace. Kyiv Mayor Vitali Klitschko told the BBC that Ukraine may have to consider ceding territory to achieve a "temporary peace" with Russia, calling it “not fair” but possibly a necessary solution. “One of the scenarios is… to give up territory… maybe it can be a solution, temporary,” he said, though he emphasized Ukrainians would “never accept occupation.” Speaking after a deadly missile attack on Kyiv on Thursday, Klitschko noted President Volodymyr Zelensky may face “a painful solution” but added, “It’s not my function” to negotiate peace. He also criticized the public nature of Zelensky and President Donald Trump’s confrontations, suggesting such talks should be private. BBC

Documents show differences over US peace drive for Ukraine. Documents seen by Reuters reveal significant differences among U.S., European, and Ukrainian proposals on ending the war in Ukraine. U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff’s plan, favored by President Donald Trump, proposes recognizing Russia’s control over Crimea and occupied territories, lifting sanctions, and limiting Ukraine’s NATO ambitions. In contrast, the European Ukrainian plan delays territorial decisions until after a ceasefire, rejects recognition of Russian control, insists on NATO-style security guarantees, and allows allied forces in Ukraine. It also demands reparations from frozen Russian assets and gradual sanctions relief only after peace is secured. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky confirmed the revised proposal is now on Trump’s desk. Reuters

Starmer challenges Trump's peace plan for Ukraine. In an interview with The Telegraph of London aboard the HMS Prince of Wales on Thursday, UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer strongly rejected Donald Trump’s peace plan elements, insisting Ukraine must decide the terms of any deal. He praised President Volodymyr Zelensky’s “huge courage,” stating, “Russia is the aggressor,” and reiterated that the UK would not support formal recognition of Crimea as Russian. Starmer demanded an “unconditional ceasefire” and warned against temporary solutions that allow Russia to regroup. He also pushed for NATO-based security guarantees and insisted peace must be “rooted in international law, not capitulation,” directly challenging U.S. overtures to Moscow. The Telegraph

Russian foreign minister says his country is ‘ready to reach a deal’ on Ukraine. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told CBS’ Face the Nation in a portion of an interview aired Thursday that Russia is “ready to reach a deal” on Ukraine, aligning with U.S. President Trump’s claim that peace is possible. Lavrov acknowledged outstanding issues still need “fine-tuning” but said negotiations are progressing. His remarks came hours after a major Russian missile strike on Kyiv killed 12 people—prompting rare criticism from Trump, who urged Russian President Vladiir Putin to stop. Politico 

America is selling a Ukraine peace plan. No one is buying, yet. President Donald Trump’s Ukraine peace plan is facing global skepticism. Despite promising to end the war swiftly, his administration’s proposals reward Russia with de facto recognition of Crimea, a NATO ban for Ukraine, and sanctions relief—without offering Ukraine security guarantees. Critics say it legitimizes aggression without ensuring peace. Neither Ukraine nor Russia has accepted the plan, and Europe remains cautious. With no ceasefire secured, Trump’s team now threatens to walk away. Key questions loom: will the U.S. end arms support or sanctions if talks fail, and will Europe still be allowed to purchase U.S. weapons for Ukraine? The Economist

Missile that killed at least 12 in Russian strike on Kyiv was North Korean, Kyiv source says. A Ukrainian military source says the missile that killed at least 12 in a Russian strike on Kyiv was a North Korean KN-23 ballistic missile. The strike hit a residential building, with some victims still missing. North Korea has reportedly supplied Russia with missiles, artillery, and troops, alarming global observers. Reuters Kyiv Independent 

Ukraine's Marchenko says progress made on crucial US minerals pact, but no deal this week. Ukrainian Finance Minister Serhii Marchenko confirmed that a U.S.-Ukraine critical minerals agreement will “definitely not” be signed this week, despite progress. The deal, championed by President Trump, aims to expand economic cooperation and grant the U.S. access to Ukraine’s natural resources. Talks were delayed after a heated Oval Office meeting between Trump and Zelensky. “There was progress and now our teams are working very closely together,” said Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal. Discussions also include the fate of frozen Russian assets. Reuters

If America Walks Away from Ukraine, What Will Europe Do? As President Trump signals the U.S. may abandon efforts to broker a Ukraine peace deal, European allies are preparing to step up. Trump’s proposals—seen as overly favorable to Russia, especially in recognizing Crimea’s annexation—have alarmed European leaders who view Ukraine’s security as vital to their own. “We are prepared to invest proportionally more resources,” said Polish Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski. Analysts warn the U.S. plan “hands Russia a victory it cannot achieve on the battlefield” and undermines the post-World War II European security order. Europe, divided but determined, is ready to continue supporting Ukraine—even without U.S. backing. Europeans hope that, even if Trump stops financial support, the United States will continue to provide key elements to Ukraine, such as intelligence, air defense, and satellite coverage. New York Times

Zelensky: We would like a 'common understanding that Russia is the aggressor,' not Ukraine. In a Thursday interview with American commentator Ben Shapiro, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky emphasized the need for a global consensus that “Russia is the aggressor” in the ongoing war. He rejected claims that Ukraine shares blame, calling them painful and false. Zelensky expressed gratitude for U.S. military support, calling the U.S. a “strong, strategic partner,” while denying far-right claims that America funds Ukrainian pensions. He reaffirmed support for a “full, immediate, and unconditional ceasefire,” originally proposed by the U.S. on March 11, and voiced hope for more “fruitful” talks with Donald Trump. The interview followed a deadly Russian strike on Kyiv. Kyiv Independent Ben Shapiro

Crimea is a focus of discussions to end Russia’s war in Ukraine. Here’s why it’s so coveted. Crimea remains a central flashpoint in U.S.-led efforts to end Russia’s war in Ukraine. Seized by Moscow in 2014 during Ukraine’s post-revolution turmoil, the annexation of the strategic Black Sea peninsula was internationally condemned yet celebrated in Russia with patriotic fervor. President Volodymyr Zelensky has consistently vowed not to cede Crimea, calling it “the land of the Ukrainian people.” U.S. President Donald Trump, however, criticized Zelensky’s stance as obstructive, questioning why Ukraine didn’t resist Crimea’s takeover at the time. A new U.S. peace proposal reportedly seeks to “freeze” the front lines, potentially solidifying Russia’s grip on 20% of Ukraine, including Crimea—though Washington claims it isn’t formally asking Kyiv to recognize Russian sovereignty. Zelensky and other Ukrainian officials have flatly rejected territorial concessions, viewing them as surrender. Meanwhile, Crimea’s military and economic value has grown, hosting Russia’s Black Sea Fleet and serving as a launchpad for the 2022 invasion. Its fate remains a major obstacle to peace. Associated Press 

German coalition member backs US easing Nord Stream sanctions in Russia peace talks. German Social Democrat Nina Scheer said lifting U.S. sanctions on Nord Stream 2 could be justified to help achieve peace in Ukraine, calling the original sanctions “unlawful.” While emphasizing Germany’s continued push toward renewables, Scheer suggested that any diplomatic effort supporting peace should be considered. Her remarks follow reports that President Donald Trump’s envoy, Steve Witkoff, is advocating easing sanctions to reset U.S.-Russia ties. However, Germany’s government and European Union lawmakers strongly oppose reactivating the pipeline, warning it would undermine international law and betray Ukraine. Politico EU 

How Russian Glide Bombs and Artillery Wiped Out Ukrainian Cities. Russian use of glide bombs, artillery, tanks, and drones has devastated Ukrainian cities, wiping out entire communities. Glide bombs, capable of traveling 60 kilometers, have obliterated civilian infrastructure with staggering precision. Cities like Chasiv Yar, Toretsk, Vovchansk, Bakhmut, and Maryinka have been reduced to rubble, with hospitals, schools, churches, and homes destroyed. Despite Russia’s denials, drone footage and ground reports show widespread, deliberate targeting of civilian areas. Cities once safe beyond artillery range, such as Zaporizhzhya, have now also come under relentless bombardment since 2024, as Russia expands the reach of its destructive weaponry. RFE/RL

Cash bonus for a year fighting Russia? Inside Ukraine's youth recruitment drive. Ukraine has launched a new recruitment drive offering 18- to 24-year-olds $24,000 bonuses, high salaries, and interest-free home loans to join the military for one year. The initiative aims to rejuvenate aging forces—where the average soldier is 45—and ease reliance on unpopular forced mobilizations. Uptake has been limited, with fewer than 500 enlisting so far, but officials say it’s early. Many recruits cite patriotism alongside financial incentives. However, commanders stress money alone won't sustain morale in war. As Russian attacks intensify and U.S. support wavers, Ukraine urgently needs younger troops to hold the line on multiple fronts. Reuters

Russia Jails General Who Criticized Army’s Senior Command. Russian Maj. Gen. Ivan Popov, a respected battlefield commander, was sentenced to five years in prison for corruption after publicly criticizing senior military leadership. Popov, fired in 2023 after repelling a major Ukrainian offensive, accused top brass of sabotaging the army. In a leaked audio, he claimed, “We were hit in the rear by our senior commander.” His arrest followed the release of that recording. Supporters call the charges politically motivated and liken him to a scapegoat. One pro-war blogger said, “This could not happen in a state with the rule of law.” New York Times 

Moscow calls Japanese loan to Ukraine backed by frozen Russian assets 'theft.' Russia has accused Japan of “theft” and “treachery” after Tokyo agreed to loan Ukraine $3.3 billion for reconstruction, backed by proceeds from frozen Russian assets held in the European Union. The loan is part of the G7’s $50 billion Economic Recovery and Resilience Action (ERA) program. Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova warned Japan that participating in such moves would irreparably damage relations. She described the loan as “extremely hostile” and stated that it violated legal norms. The dispute further strains Japan-Russia relations, which are already tense over Ukraine and unresolved World War II-era territorial disputes. Reuters 

Ukraine fails to reach a deal with investors to restructure $2.6 billion of debt. Ukraine has been unable to reach an agreement with investors to restructure $2.6 billion in GDP-linked debt, which complicates its financial recovery amid the war. The debt, tied to Ukraine’s economic growth, could trigger a $600 million payout next month. Talks with major holders, including hedge funds VR Capital and Aurelius, broke down after Kyiv proposed swapping the warrants for restructured bonds or suspending payments through 2026. Ukraine argues the warrants are outdated and burdensome, while creditors rejected sweeping changes, favoring limited restructuring instead. The standoff risks further straining Ukraine’s war-hit economy and complicating future debt sustainability, despite International Monetary Fund support. Financial Times Reuters

Ukrainian Refugees in the U.S. Worry Trump Could Push Them Out. Ukrainian refugees in the U.S. under the President Joe Biden-era “Uniting for Ukraine” (U4U) program face growing uncertainty under President Trump, who has suspended the program for 90 days pending review. Nearly 250,000 Ukrainians are affected, with many applying for asylum or other forms of protection. A mistaken Department of Homeland Security email warning of deportation deepened panic, highlighting the fragility of their legal status. Refugees like Anastasiia Bohdanovych and Lolita are now considering relocating to Europe. “We need a second plan—and a third plan,” Bohdanovych said, reflecting widespread anxiety amid unclear future policies and the ongoing war in Ukraine. Bloomberg

Five killed in Russian attacks on Ukraine, officials say. Russian attacks on Friday killed five people in Ukraine, including a child, officials said. Three died in a drone strike on Pavlohrad, injuring 14 others, including children. Two more were killed in Yarova after a Russian aerial bomb hit a residential building. Russia has not commented on the strikes. Reuters Kyiv Independent

Russian attacks against Ukraine kill 8, injure at least 22 over past day. Russian attacks across Ukraine in the past day killed eight people and injured at least 22, regional officials said Friday. Ukraine’s Air Force downed 41 of 103 drones launched overnight, while 40 decoy drones vanished from radars. Fatalities occurred in Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Donetsk, and Kherson oblasts, with children among the wounded. Kyiv Independent

ISW Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment for Thursday, April 24. Kremlin leaders Dmitry Peskov and Sergei Shoigu reiterated maximalist war aims in Ukraine and preconditions for peace that preserve Russia’s leverage and set the stage for future aggression. Peskov and Shoigu rejected Western security guarantees for Ukraine and set conditions on ceasefires that would weaken Ukrainian defenses, reflecting Kremlin plans to regroup and strike again. Shoigu warned that NATO and European Union defense buildups threaten Russia and Belarus, while echoing Kremlin nuclear threats to deter European military preparedness. Peskov downplayed threats to Finland and the Baltics while repeating false claims of discrimination, mirroring narratives used to justify previous Russian invasions. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and other Kremlin figures pushed imperialist rhetoric, implying ex-Soviet and imperial territories rightfully belong to Russia, signaling broader expansionist ambitions. Denmark announced a new $30.5 million military aid package to Ukraine focused on artillery shell procurement.

Battlefield update: Ukrainian forces advanced near Toretsk, while Russian troops made localized gains near the Russian border and in eastern Ukraine. Institute for the Study of War

EUROPE

Senior Russian military officer killed in car explosion in Moscow region. Lieutenant General Yaroslav Moskalik, a high-ranking Russian military officer and deputy chief of the General Staff’s Main Operations Directorate, was killed on Friday in a car bombing near Moscow. Russian media report the explosion in Balashikha was caused by a remotely detonated homemade device. Moskalik had participated in key military and diplomatic roles, including the Normandy Format talks and meetings with former Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad. Though Ukraine has not claimed responsibility, the attack follows a pattern of targeted killings of Russian military figures involved in the war, including those linked to drone operations and missile modernization efforts. Reuters Kyiv Independent

Europe shows withdrawal symptoms after 75 years of addiction to US troops. European leaders are bracing for a potential reduction in U.S. troop presence, as Defense Secretary Peter Hegseth recently warned that the American military “is not forever” in Europe. While official denials persist, many anticipate cuts that could begin with 10,000 troops, especially from Poland and Romania. Analysts warn such moves would weaken deterrence against Russia and take a decade to replace. Gen. Christopher Cavoli urged Congress to maintain current force levels, stressing that a U.S. drawdown would “slow” NATO’s response to Russian aggression. Germany and Finland have requested a clear roadmap, but the Pentagon has yet to reply. Some governments fear that early preparation could trigger a “self-fulfilling prophecy,” as Latvia’s defense minister put it: “You don’t commit suicide because you fear death.” Meanwhile, President Donald Trump’s past efforts to reduce U.S. troops were halted due to high costs, and experts say logistical and strategic challenges remain if Washington were to truly shift its focus away from Europe. Politico EU 

US, European allies agree Russia is a long-term threat, NATO's Rutte says. NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte said after talks with U.S. President Donald Trump on Thursday that the United States and its European allies agree that Russia is a long-term threat. "We all agree in NATO that Russia is the long-term threat to NATO territory — to the whole of the Euro-Atlantic territory," Rutte told reporters outside the White House. He also said the United States remained committed to NATO, even as Washington increasingly focuses on the Asia-Pacific region. Reuters 

NATO chief urges allies to do more and says their freedom and prosperity depend on it. NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte on Thursday urged the alliance’s 32 members to boost defense spending and commitment as U.S. leadership in European security wanes. In his annual report—posted quietly without the usual publicity—Rutte warned that NATO’s strength is vital for global freedom and prosperity. The call comes amid a shift in U.S. priorities toward Asia and domestic borders, with Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth declaring Europe must shoulder more responsibility, including for Ukraine. While 22 nations met the 2% GDP defense target in 2023, a new goal of 3% may be set. Rutte stressed continued unity and support for Ukraine, though less forcefully than past leadership. Associated Press 

Trump’s Tariffs Expected to Grind Germany’s Growth to a Halt. Germany’s economy is now projected to see zero growth in 2025, with officials blaming U.S. tariffs under President Donald Trump, along with persistent structural issues like bureaucracy, high energy costs, and labor shortages. Economy Minister Robert Habeck warned that Trump’s trade policies have hit Germany’s export-driven economy hard. The International Monetary Fund also downgraded Germany’s growth forecast, echoing Berlin’s concerns. Incoming Chancellor Friedrich Merz promises major spending, but experts stress that only swift, deep reforms can revive competitiveness and avoid a prolonged slump. New York Times

Xi Seeks Detente with Europe as Trump’s Tariffs Alienate Bloc. As U.S. tariffs strain transatlantic ties, President Xi Jinping is seeking to reposition China as a more dependable partner for Europe. Beijing plans to lift sanctions on several EU lawmakers and is preparing for a July summit with European leaders. China hopes to revive a shelved investment pact and expand trade, especially in electric vehicles. “China and Europe will jointly safeguard the multilateral trading system,” said China’s Foreign Ministry. Analysts note Xi aims to exploit EU-U.S. rifts, though distrust of China remains high in Brussels. Bloomberg

Trump talks tariffs. The EU talks free trade with the rest of the world. As President Donald Trump turns toward protectionism, the European Union is accelerating global free trade efforts under European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. Brussels is advancing multiple deals, most notably with Mercosur—Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. The Mercosur agreement would create a transatlantic market of over 700 million people but faces strong opposition from European farmers concerned about competition and deforestation, particularly in Brazil. France, Poland, and Ireland remain skeptical, though momentum may shift after Poland’s May election, with a potential Council vote by autumn and final signature by year’s end. Other major initiatives include renewed talks with India—aiming for a massive trade pact this year—and fresh pushes with Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. While concerns over environmental standards, human rights, and agricultural access persist, von der Leyen asserts “countries are lining up to work with us.” The EU seeks to fill the void left by U.S. retreat and strengthen its global trade leadership. Politico EU 

​​Putin says Russia should use trade war opportunities to strengthen economy. Russian President Vladimir Putin urged officials on Thursday to capitalize on global trade disruptions and market volatility triggered by rising protectionism, particularly U.S. tariffs, to strengthen Russia’s economy. Despite sanctions and reduced trade with the U.S. and European Union due to the war in Ukraine, Russia has weathered the economic storm better than expected. However, it now faces declining oil prices and shrinking budget revenues. Putin called for boosting domestic production and trade diversification. Finance Minister Anton Siluanov emphasized the need to build fiscal reserves, while the central bank warned of prolonged low oil prices. Growth is projected to slow to 2.5% in 2025. Reuters

Poland likely to apply for EU leeway on defense spending, but worried others won't. Poland plans to request a European Union exemption allowing increased defense spending without violating borrowing rules but is concerned other countries won't follow suit. Only Portugal has signaled similar intent, undermining a broader EU goal of €650 billion in defense investment. Poland also supports a separate €150 billion joint EU defense fund, though doubts its sufficiency. Reuters 

Russian court adds extra year to sentence of US citizen jailed for attacking law enforcement. A Russian court has added one year to the prison sentence of U.S. ex-Marine Robert Gilman, now totaling eight years and one month. Gilman had previously pleaded guilty to assaulting a police officer, a prison official, and a state investigator. He is among roughly 10 Americans currently imprisoned in Russia. Reuters

Collaborate on energy security or be vulnerable, Britain tells global meeting. At the Future of Energy Security Summit in London on Thursday, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer urged global cooperation to bolster energy security, warning that nations remain vulnerable as long as energy can be weaponized. He reaffirmed Britain’s commitment to clean energy, aiming to decarbonize its electricity sector by 2030. The UK pledged £300 million for offshore wind supply chains, while GB Energy will support domestic manufacturers. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced plans to phase out Russian fossil fuel imports by 2027. Reuters 

Netherlands summons Iranian ambassador over alleged assassination attempts. The Netherlands summoned Iran's ambassador after its intelligence agency linked Tehran to two assassination attempts in Europe. Two suspects were arrested in 2024, one also tied to the 2023 shooting of Iran critic Alejo Vidal-Quadras in Spain. AIVD claims Iran uses criminal networks to target regime opponents abroad. Reuters

Snipers, fighter jets, and ‘drone-killing’ weapons: Papal funeral to feature massive security operation in Rome. Rome is preparing an extensive security operation for Pope Francis’ funeral on Saturday, expecting over 200,000 attendees, including dozens of world leaders like U.S. President Donald Trump and European royals. Measures include drones, snipers, river patrols, and flight coordination for VIP arrivals. Around 2,000 local and thousands of national security officers will be deployed. Streets around the Vatican will close, and rail services will expand. The conclave to elect a new pope is expected to begin around May 6. Reuters France 24 The Telegraph The Independent  

Euroskeptic Simion hopes to ride wave of anger to victory in Romanian election. Far-right candidate George Simion is leading polls ahead of Romania’s May 4 presidential election, after a previous vote was annulled over alleged Russian interference. Simion, a vocal eurosceptic aligned with the U.S. MAGA movement, opposes military aid to Ukraine and promotes a “Romania first” agenda. His election could strain Romania’s EU and NATO ties, destabilize the region, and embolden Russian influence. Simion has stirred controversy with inflammatory rhetoric and is under criminal investigation. He vows to disclose Romania’s war contributions to Ukraine and reclaim national control over energy assets. Critics warn his rise reflects deep public disillusionment with mainstream politics. Reuters 

THE MIDDLE EAST

Iran raised possible interim nuclear deal with U.S., sources say. During nuclear talks in Rome, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi raised the possibility of an interim deal with U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff, citing the difficulty of completing a final accord within President Trump’s 60-day deadline. Witkoff declined, saying the U.S. prefers to pursue a full deal first. Talks, mediated by Oman, reportedly made progress, and both sides agreed to continue with technical negotiations. The International Atomic Energy Agency is preparing to re-engage in monitoring Iran’s nuclear sites. Secretary of State Marco Rubio warned that the path to a deal remains long, though Trump prefers diplomacy to military action amid growing regional tensions. Axios 

Iran, EU say they’re ready for nuclear talks. Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi said Thursday he was ready to travel to Europe for talks on Tehran's nuclear program.  France indicated that the European powers were also ready for dialogue if Tehran is serious. Since September, Tehran and the three European powers, known as the E3, have already held several rounds of discussions. The most recent in March were held at the technical level, looking at the parameters of a future deal to secure a rollback of the nuclear program in return for the lifting of sanctions. President Donald Trump, who abandoned the 2015 pact between Tehran and world powers during his first term in 2018, has threatened to attack Iran unless it reaches a new deal swiftly that would prevent it from developing a nuclear weapon.  Reuters

China, Russia and Iran jointly discuss Iran's nuclear program with IAEA, reports Xinhua. China, Russia, and Iran met with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Beijing on Thursday to discuss Iran’s nuclear program, according to Xinhua. The talks focused on the IAEA’s diplomatic role in resolving the issue. China voiced support for Iran’s engagement with all parties, including potential dialogue with the U.S. Reuters 

U.S. says blast near Yemen UNESCO world heritage site caused by Houthi missile. The U.S. military said on Thursday a blast Sunday near a UNESCO world heritage site in Yemen's capital city of Sanaa was caused by a Houthi missile and not an American airstrike. The Houthi-run health ministry said a dozen people were killed in the U.S. strike in a neighborhood of Sanaa. The Old City of Sanaa is a recognized UNESCO World Heritage Site. New York Times Reuters 

In recent weeks, Houthis have downed 7 US Reaper drones. Houthi militants in Yemen have managed to shoot down seven U.S. Reaper drones, worth over $200 million, in less than six weeks, marking a significant cost to the Pentagon amid an expanded U.S. military campaign. Central Command has reported that since President Trump launched daily strikes against the Houthis in mid-March, the U.S. has hit over 800 targets. According to a CENTCOM spokesperson, the strikes have eliminated hundreds of Houthi fighters and leaders, and “have destroyed multiple command-and-control facilities, air defense systems, advanced weapons manufacturing facilities,” and sophisticated arms storage locations. However, increased U.S. operations have also raised risks to aircraft and concerns about civilian casualties, with senators questioning recent strikes that reportedly killed over 70 civilians. The U.S. now has two aircraft carriers deployed in the region to support the intensified operations, a rare move reflecting the severity of the conflict. Meanwhile, the Houthis continue missile and drone attacks on military and commercial ships, severely disrupting lucrative trade through the Red Sea, a critical global shipping route. The Houthis frame their attacks as a response to the Israeli war against Hamas. Associated Press 

Dozens killed across Gaza amid Israeli strikes. An Israeli airstrike on a police station in Jabalia, northern Gaza, killed at least 10 people and injured dozens on Thursday, according to local health authorities. Israel's military claimed it targeted a Hamas and Islamic Jihad command center used to plan attacks. Additional strikes across Gaza brought the day’s death toll to 50, many of them women and children. 18 people were killed by strikes that targeted a house and a tent, while strikes in the center of Gaza killed six, including two children and two women. The Durra Children’s Hospital in Gaza City was also damaged in an earlier strike, rendering it non-operational. Meanwhile, Israel reported one soldier killed and two others severely injured in northern Gaza. Gaza’s health system has been crippled by the 18-month Israeli military campaign, launched in response to Hamas’s October 2023 attack. Since the breakdown of a ceasefire in March, over 1,900 Palestinians have been killed and hundreds of thousands displaced. Peace efforts led by Qatar, Egypt, and the U.S. have so far failed. Total Palestinian deaths in Gaza have surpassed 51,300, according to local health officials. Associated Press Reuters 

A deleted condolence after Pope’s death revealed tension between Israel and the Vatican. Tensions between Israel and the Vatican surfaced following the death of Pope Francis, as Israel deleted a condolence post and delayed official statements. The unease stems from Francis’ criticism of Israel’s actions in Gaza, which he called disproportionate and potentially genocidal. While praising the pope’s moral clarity, Israeli leaders were slow to respond publicly, with only Israel’s ceremonial president offering early condolences. Pope Francis had previously enjoyed warm ties with Israel, but relations were strained under Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s right-wing government and the Gaza war. Israel will send only a lower-level diplomat to the funeral, citing scheduling and Sabbath constraints. Associated Press

Spain cancels Israeli ammunition contract after intense backlash. Spain will terminate a controversial €6.6 million contract to buy ammunition from an Israeli arms firm, following heated backlash that nearly fractured the country's left-wing coalition government. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez acted after Spanish media reports revealed the order for 15 million rounds of ammunition, despite the country’s embargo on arms trade with Israel since 2023. Spain has been openly critical of Israel’s military campaign against Gaza. Legal advisors had initially said canceling the deal would be too costly, but political pressure—especially from junior coalition partner Sumar—forced Sánchez to override that decision. The government now plans to block the ammunition’s import on public interest grounds, even if it means paying for the contract without receiving the goods. The incident has sparked criticism from both left-wing allies, who oppose increased militarization, and right-wing opponents, who accuse Sánchez of undermining national security by failing to obtain much needed ammunition. Politico EU 

IMF will assist Syria in restoring institutions, re-enter world economy. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) intends to aid Syria in rebuilding its institutions and reintegrating into the global economy, IMF chief Kristalina Georgieva announced on Thursday. Syrian officials, including the central bank governor and finance minister, attended the IMF and World Bank Spring Meetings in Washington for the first time in over 20 years. This marks the first U.S. visit by Syria's new Islamist-led government since Bashar al-Assad's ousting in December. Despite Syria’s efforts to rebuild and reconnect internationally, U.S. sanctions from Assad’s era remain largely in place, limiting foreign investment and reconstruction aid. Reuters Forbes Middle East World Bank Group 

UK lifts curbs on Syrian defense ministry, financial services, energy production. The British government on April 24 removed sanctions on 12 Syrian entities, including government ministries and media outlets, to support Syria's rebuilding efforts following the December ousting of President Bashar Assad by rebel forces. The lifted sanctions, initially imposed for supporting Assad’s repressive regime and the spreading of propaganda, are intended to help Damascus stabilize under its new leadership. Sanctions were removed from agencies like the ministries of interior and defense, and state-run media such as Sama TV and Al Watan. Sanctions on Assad and his close associates remain in place. The U.K. previously dropped sanctions on several Syrian banks and oil firms in March. While the U.S. has not officially recognized Syria's new government, led by former insurgent Ahmad al-Sharaa, it has temporarily eased some restrictions. The EU is also loosening sanctions, particularly in the energy and transport sectors. Politico EU Associated Press Reuters BBC Al Jazeera Euronews 

ASIA & OCEANIA

China tells US to ‘cancel all unilateral tariffs’ if it wants talks. China has demanded the U.S. cancel all unilateral tariffs if it wants to resume trade talks, rejecting claims by President Trump that negotiations are ongoing. Chinese officials emphasized that no talks are taking place and labeled reports of a nearing deal as "fake news." Beijing views U.S.-imposed tariffs as the root of the trade war and insists Washington must make the first move to de-escalate. Meanwhile, Trump insists a deal could come “pretty quickly,” but won’t lift tariffs unilaterally. The impasse highlights the growing tensions and the risk of economic decoupling between the two global powers. Financial Times, Axios Reuters

China grants some tariff exemptions for US imports as trade war bites. China has begun exempting select U.S. imports from its 125% tariffs and is asking companies to identify essential goods that need to remain duty-free, signaling concern over the trade war's economic impact. While not publicly confirmed by Beijing, the move follows signs of de-escalation from Washington and has lifted financial markets in Asia. The exemptions appear targeted, with some pharmaceutical and aerospace firms already reporting relief. China's Ministry of Commerce is gathering input from over 80 foreign businesses to assess the impact and determine which imports are critical. A circulated but unverified list includes 131 product categories such as vaccines, chemicals, and jet engines, amounting to about $45 billion in U.S. exports. Despite maintaining a tough stance publicly, China's economy is showing strain from the trade conflict, including rising unemployment and unsold exports. While the Asian giant boasts a large trade surplus, it still relies on key American imports like ethane and certain pharmaceuticals, prompting firms to request tariff waivers. Beijing’s actions suggest a willingness to ease trade tensions selectively while preserving leverage in broader negotiations. Reuters CNN Bloomberg The Guardian Financial Times  

China betting Trump will back down on tariffs. President Donald Trump’s recent openness to reducing tariffs on Chinese goods has boosted market optimism and raised hopes for easing U.S.-China trade tensions. However, Chinese leaders remain skeptical, believing Trump may back down under pressure, especially as he faces political challenges at home. While Trump has hinted at active talks, China denies negotiations are happening and demands a full rollback of tariffs before engaging. Beijing, under President Xi Jinping, appears prepared for a prolonged standoff, arguing it’s more resilient now than during the earlier trade war. Distrust of Trump’s shifting positions and a desire to avoid appearing weak have made the Asian power cautious. Analysts say even if some tariffs are reduced, the impact on trade and China’s economy would be limited. Beijing might consider temporary tariff rollbacks during talks but won’t concede under pressure. Though both economies face internal strains, a broad resolution remains unlikely. The U.S. seeks deeper economic reforms in China, while Beijing resists external influence over its policies. As a result, tensions could re-escalate, potentially affecting investment and other areas beyond trade. Wall Street Journal  

Crisis Deepens for India and Pakistan Over Kashmir Attack. Tensions between India and Pakistan have sharply escalated following a deadly militant attack in Indian-administered Kashmir. India responded by suspending a vital water treaty and threatening to block rivers that flow into Pakistan—a move Islamabad warned would be considered “an act of war.” In retaliation, Pakistan closed its airspace to Indian airlines, downgraded diplomatic ties, and suspended trade. While India has not identified the perpetrators, it blames Pakistan for supporting cross-border terrorism. Pakistan denies involvement and condemned India’s actions as “unilateral” and “legally void.” Analysts warn the crisis could exceed the 2019 Pulwama standoff in scale and danger, especially amid weak diplomatic channels and a volatile global context. With Kashmir once again at the center of conflict and nationalist rhetoric rising on both sides, the threat of further escalation looms. As one Pakistani official noted, the lack of back-channel diplomacy increases the likelihood of miscalculation, and the stakes for both nuclear-armed nations are significantly higher. New York Times Reuters

Pakistan to suspend peace treaty with India as tensions grow over Kashmir killings. Amid escalating tensions following a deadly attack in Kashmir, Pakistan announced it is suspending the 1972 Simla Agreement, a peace accord that has helped regulate its fraught relationship with India since their 1971 war. The move followed India’s downgrading of diplomatic ties and suspension of its participation in the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty, a critical water-sharing accord. While Pakistan has not suspended the water treaty, it warned that any attempt by India to block or divert river flows would be treated as “an act of war,” heightening fears of conflict and threatening Pakistan’s water-dependent agriculture. Financial Times

What to Know About the Tensions Over Kashmir. Tensions between India and Pakistan have escalated again following a deadly militant attack in Kashmir that killed at least 26 civilians—the worst such assault in years. While India has not officially named a group, it responded by downgrading ties with Pakistan and hinting at possible military action. Kashmir, a disputed region since the 1947 partition of British India, has long been a flashpoint between the nuclear-armed neighbors, who have fought three wars over it. In 2019, India revoked Kashmir’s constitutional autonomy, imposing direct rule and intensifying military presence, which Pakistan condemned. Although violence has subsided under India’s direct control, resentment among Kashmiris remains, and recent violence has rekindled fears of a broader conflict. The region remains one of the most militarized in the world, and with both countries entrenched in their positions and back-channel diplomacy limited, the risk of escalation is once again dangerously high. New York Times Reuters

South Korea, U.S. to hold KIDD defense talks at Pentagon next week. South Korea and the U.S. will hold a major defense meeting, the Korea-U.S. Integrated Defense Dialogue (KIDD), in Washington next week—the first under President Trump’s new administration. The talks aim to reinforce the allies’ military cooperation amid growing North Korean threats. Senior defense officials from both countries will discuss joint deterrence strategies, wartime operational control transfer, and defense industry cooperation. Despite recent concerns over Washington’s unstable commitment—highlighted by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s decision to skip South Korea on a recent trip—both nations emphasize continued collaboration. They also plan to maintain the Nuclear Consultative Group (NCG), which focuses on U.S. nuclear deterrence support for South Korea, with the next meeting expected by June. Yonhap News Agency 

Donald Trump Jr. to visit South Korea next week for meetings with business leaders. U.S. President Donald Trump’s eldest son, Donald Trump Jr., is set to visit South Korea next week at the invitation of Shinsegae Group Chairman Chung Yong-jin. This will be his first visit to the country since his father became president. Trump Jr. is expected to meet with key business figures, though specific details remain undisclosed. His visit comes amid concerns in Seoul over new U.S. tariffs on imports. Known to have a close relationship, Trump Jr. previously hosted Chung at Mar-a-Lago, and South Korean business leaders reportedly hope the visit will help strengthen ties with the new GOP administration. Yonhap News Agency Reuters Times of India 

South Korea’s acting president says nation responding firmly to any North Korean provocation. Acting South Korean President Han Duck-soo reaffirmed the country's strong stance against North Korean provocations on Friday during a ceremony honoring soldiers and officers who died during mandatory service. Speaking at the national cemetery in Daejeon, Han underscored the government's commitment to defending freedom and peace amid ongoing threats from North Korea's nuclear and missile activities. Pyongyang “continues to greatly threaten” stability on the Korean Peninsula, he said. Yonhap News Agency  

Pyongyang uses military anniversary to demand allegiance to leader Kim. North Korea on Friday marked the 93rd anniversary of the founding of its anti-Japanese forces, which it considers as the origin of its military, by urging its armed forces to show “absolute” loyalty and obedience to leader Kim Jong-un. In an editorial, the state-run Rodong Sinmun emphasized the need for strict allegiance to Kim’s leadership and ideology to strengthen the military. The paper praised Kim as the key figure in the current strength of the People's Revolutionary Army, which was originally formed under Kim Il-sung during Japan’s colonial rule. Celebrations included film screenings about the historical roots of the military. Yonhap News Agency 

As crackdown deepens, Azerbaijani court initiates trial of nine independent media employees. A court in Azerbaijan has begun the trial of nine staff members from the independent outlet Toplum TV, including three journalists, on charges of smuggling and money laundering. The defendants, who deny the accusations, claim the case is politically motivated. They will remain in detention during the trial, with the next hearing set for May 5. This case is part of a broader crackdown on independent media in Azerbaijan, where other journalists, including six from Meydan TV, are also facing prosecution. The country ranks near the bottom in global press freedom, according to Reporters Without Borders. Reuters

US reinstates Thailand's top aviation safety rating. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has restored Thailand’s top air safety rating to Category 1, a decade after downgrading it. This upgrade allows Thai airlines to resume or expand direct flights to the U.S. The move reflects improved regulatory compliance and supports Thailand’s status as a key regional aviation hub. Reuters Aviation Week  

AFRICA

U.S. interviewing white South Africans on persecution claims as they seek resettlement. The U.S. has begun interviewing white South Africans, mainly Afrikaners, for refugee status based on claims of land disputes, crime, and racial discrimination. At the same time, refugees from other nations, including Afghanistan and Congo, are being deported or banned from the U.S. This development follows a February 7 executive order by President Trump to resettle Afrikaners, whom he described as victims of "unjust racial discrimination." So far, over 30 applicants have reportedly been approved, and hundreds more have expressed interest. Applicants described U.S. embassy interviews as empathetic and supportive, and one American refugee officer cited “administrative pressure” as a factor in approving applications. Critics argue that claims of white persecution in South Africa are exaggerated and politically motivated, pointing out that crime disproportionately affects Black citizens, and that white South Africans remain economically privileged. Police statistics show that 44 out of 26,000 murders in South Africa last year were linked to farming communities. U.S. officials are divided on the merit of the claims, with some expressing skepticism over whether economic harm or general crime justifies refugee status. The South African government criticized the policy as ignoring the country's colonial and apartheid history. Meanwhile, some white South Africans are using online forums to share information about the resettlement process, with discussions even including transporting pets. The move has sparked debate over race, privilege, and the definition of persecution in global refugee policy. Reuters PBS

As tensions worsen, Algeria pushes out over 1,800 migrants into Niger. Algerian authorities expelled over 1,800 migrants to the Nigerien border earlier this month, in what rights group Alarmphone Sahara calls a record mass deportation. The migrants, lacking legal status, were transported to a remote desert area known as "Point Zero" and arrived in Niger’s border town of Assamaka on April 19. This brings the total number of deported migrants arriving in Assamaka this month to over 4,000. The expulsions occur amid worsening tensions between Algeria and its southern neighbors—Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso—all now governed by military juntas. Algeria, a key transit country for migrants aiming to reach Europe, expelled over 30,000 people in 2024 alone. The latest deportations may breach a 2014 agreement that limits such actions to Nigerien nationals, but neither Algerian nor Nigerien officials have commented. Associated Press

Funding shortages could force World Food Program to limit support in Sudan. The World Food Program (WFP) warned on Friday that it is facing a major funding deficiency that could soon disrupt its ability to provide aid to people suffering from acute food shortages in war-ravaged Sudan. Without additional donor support, the agency may be forced to scale back assistance starting in May. WFP is seeking $698 million to support 7 million people in Sudan from May through September. Reuters

CYBER & TECH

Apple aims to source all US iPhones from India in pivot away from China. Apple plans to shift the assembly of all U.S.-bound iPhones to India by the end of 2026, accelerating its pivot away from China amid President Trump’s escalating trade war. Facing heavy tariffs on Chinese imports, Apple aims to double Indian production, working with manufacturers like Tata Electronics and Foxconn. The move is driven by geopolitical pressure to reduce dependency on China, where Apple has long concentrated its supply chain. While assembly will move, Apple still relies heavily on Chinese components. U.S. Vice President JD Vance said a bilateral trade deal with India is progressing, potentially easing tariff burdens. Financial Times 

Amazon, Nvidia say AI data center demand showing no sign of slowing down. Executives from Amazon and Nvidia, speaking at a tech and energy conference in Oklahoma City, said there’s no slowdown in building AI data centers, despite recession concerns and worrying Wall Street speculation. Amazon VP Kevin Miller dismissed reports that the company is pausing data center projects, stating that demand remains strong and continues to grow. Nvidia’s Josh Parker echoed that view, saying there’s no pullback and that both computing and energy demands are rising with AI growth. At the same conference, Anthropic’s Jack Clark estimated that 50 gigawatts of new power—equivalent to 50 nuclear plants—will be needed by 2027 to support AI development. Industry leaders at the event agreed that natural gas will likely be essential to meet these energy demands. CNBC 

Cyber resilience is a top priority for backup platforms. Backup platforms are rapidly evolving to enhance cyber resilience, especially as cyberattacks grow more sophisticated. Enterprises are recognizing the critical need to protect data in SaaS applications like Microsoft 365 and Google Workspace, which are often assumed to be secured by the vendors but aren't. Vendors such as HYCU and Keepit are expanding their coverage and integrating features like anomaly detection, immutable backups, and access to read-only data to defend against threats. Traditional backup providers—Cohesity, Commvault, and Rubrik—are also boosting their capabilities. They're incorporating AI tools, behavior monitoring, and simulation environments to better prepare for attacks. Cohesity is launching RecoveryAgent to automate post-incident recovery, while Commvault is offering cyberattack simulations in partnership with SimSpace. Rubrik is enhancing support for Google Cloud users, enabling threat detection and AI integration. Experts note that backup and security functions are increasingly intertwined. IT teams must collaborate across both areas to strengthen defenses, as threats now target not just data, but backup systems and infrastructure as well. The trend shows growing investment in backup technology, even amid tighter IT budgets. TechTarget 

Big Tech Braces for Tariff-Induced Advertising Slowdown. A U.S. digital ad market slowdown is emerging as new tariffs and economic uncertainty prompt companies—especially Chinese advertisers—to cut spending. Meta and Google face potential multibillion-dollar losses, particularly from China-based platforms like Shein and Temu. Sectors including auto and e-commerce are already pulling back, raising broader concerns for Big Tech's revenue in 2025. Wall Street Journal

North Korean IT workers taking advantage of AI tools to scam firms into hiring them. North Korean IT workers are increasingly using generative AI tools to fraudulently secure remote tech jobs in the U.S. and Europe, according to research by cybersecurity firm Okta. These workers, often with minimal English skills, use AI to create convincing resumes, conduct mock interviews, translate communications, transcribe conversations, and even generate deepfake videos during interviews. Their earnings, sometimes from multiple simultaneous jobs, are funneled back to the North Korean regime, including its weapons programs. Okta found that facilitators use AI to automate job applications, optimize resumes for applicant tracking systems, and review webcam interviews to avoid detection. Fortune 500 companies, like Coinbase, have responded by tightening hiring processes with more rigorous interviews and in-person requirements to counter the threat. Although deepfakes are improving, experts say they are still detectable with careful scrutiny. Okta has also updated its security products to help companies verify candidate identities more effectively. The Record Okta Cybersecurity News

Amid sophisticated North Korea job swindle, Google urges British companies to hold video or in-person interviews. British companies are being warned to conduct in-person or video interviews to prevent hiring fake North Korean IT workers, who are targeting the UK after facing tighter scrutiny in the U.S. John Hultquist, the chief analyst at Google’s Threat Intelligence group, noted that “it is in the UK where you can see the most extensive operations in Europe.” According to cybersecurity experts from Google and Secureworks, North Korean agents use false identities, local facilitators, and remote setups to secure jobs and send their earnings to the regime. One North Korean worker was using at least 12 personae across Europe and the U.S. Others have even threatened to leak sensitive company data if dismissed. The scheme often exploits companies with "bring your own device" policies, and recruits through platforms like Upwork and Freelancer. Warning signs include reluctance to appear on video, frequent address changes, and requests for wages to be sent through money exchange services. Experts urge HR departments to strengthen identity verification and stay vigilant to counter this growing threat. The Guardian   

China-linked Billbug threat actors breached multiple entities in unnamed Southeast Asian country. A Chinese-linked cyber espionage group known as Billbug (also called Lotus Panda, Lotus Blossom, or Bronze Elgin) breached several major government and business entities in a Southeast Asian country between August 2024 and February 2025, according to Symantec. Targets included a government ministry, air traffic control, a telecom company, and a construction firm. The attackers used custom malware, credential stealers, backdoors, and legitimate tools to obscure their activity. Initially unconfirmed, Billbug’s involvement was later verified with help from Cisco Talos, a cybersecurity firm. Active since at least 2009, Billbug has previously targeted organizations, governments, militaries and businesses across Southeast Asia as part of China's broader efforts to assert regional influence; organizations in Hong Kong, Macau, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam have all been victims of such campaigns. The Record Infosecurity Magazine The Hacker News 

Suspected 'Scattered Spider' member extradited to U.S. from Spain. Tyler Buchanan, a 23-year-old man from Scotland, has been extradited from Spain to the U.S. over his alleged role in cyberattacks linked to the infamous Scattered Spider hacking group. He faces multiple charges, including wire fraud and identity theft, for helping steal sensitive consumer data and tens of millions in cryptocurrency. Prosecutors say Buchanan and four co-defendants tricked employees at major U.S. telecom and crypto companies into revealing login credentials, enabling access to internal systems and customer accounts. The group is connected to attacks on at least 29 individuals and high-profile companies like Riot Games, MGM Resorts, and Coinbase. Bloomberg Reuters 

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