Report for Wednesday, December 11, 2024

THE TOP HEADLINES

Report for Wednesday, December 11, 2024

Israeli military destroy Syrian military assets. Ground troops move into buffer zone

U.S. Transfers $20 Billion Loan to Ukraine Backed by Russian Assets

Syria's interim prime minister takes charge, transition begins

China asserts it’s taking 'necessary measures' to safeguard sovereignty over Taiwan

US sanctions Chinese firm for hacking of global critical infrastructure

CIPHER BRIEF EXCLUSIVES

Former NSA Director of Cybersecurity on Transformative Power of AI

After Syria’s Revolution, Turkey Holds Keys to What Comes Next

THE MIDDLE EAST AT WAR

Israeli military destroy Syrian military assets. Ground troops move into buffer zone.   Israel bombarded hundreds of Syria’s naval and other military assets over the past two days in a campaign to destroy weapons abandoned by the fleeing army of deposed President Bashar al-Assad. The Israeli military said it struck about 500 Syrian military targets over the past two days, eliminating most of the Assad regime’s missiles and other strategic weapons, plus Syrian warships armed with dozens of sea-to-sea missiles capable of striking up to 120 miles. “I authorized the Air Force to bomb strategic military capabilities left behind by the Syrian army, so that they would not fall into the hands of the jihadists,” Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Tuesday.” “We want relations with the new regime in Syria,” he added. “But if this regime allows Iran to re-establish itself in Syria or allows the transfer of Iranian weapons or any other weapons to Hezbollah or attacks us—we will respond forcefully and we will exact a heavy price from it. ”The Israeli military said it struck Scud, cruise, and surface-to-air missiles, drones, jet fighters, attack helicopters tanks, military airfields, hangars and weapons-production sites. Associated Press  CNN  Wall Street Journal  Reuters   

Israel moves troops into Syrian territory, seeks ‘sterile zone.’   Israeli ground troops moved into a 155-square-mile buffer zone in the Golan Heights, provoking protests from the Sunni Arab states Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Qatar.  Israeli military spokesman Nadav Shoshani said Israel’s military was operating almost entirely within the buffer zone and a few additional points, for defensive purposes only and in coordination with U.N. peacekeeping forces. “IDF forces are not advancing towards Damascus. This is not something we are doing or pursuing in any way," Shoshani told reporters. Netanyahu said he regards the 1974 Israel-Syria agreement establishing the buffer zone as cancelled after Syria’s military abandoned its posts. “Our control on the Golan Heights ensures our security; it ensures our sovereignty,” he said. “The Golan Heights will be an inseparable part of the State of Israel forever.” John Kirby, the U.S. National Security Council spokesman, defended Israel’s strikes inside Syria as aimed at countering security threats. “We certainly recognize that they live in a tough neighborhood and that they have, as always, the right to defend themselves,” he told reporters Tuesday.  Israel wants to establish a "sterile defense zone" in southern Syria that would be enforced without a permanent troop presence, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz said Tuesday.  Reuters  Financial Times   Wall Street Journal 

The Israeli Jews who spied for Iran in biggest infiltration in decades.  Israeli authorities have uncovered a network of alleged Iranian spies operating on the fringes of Israeli society, including individuals from the ultra-Orthodox community, recent immigrants, an army deserter, and a convicted sex offender. Unlike past espionage efforts targeting high-profile figures, this operation focused on vulnerable individuals less integrated into mainstream society, marking a shift in Iran’s espionage tactics, according to police, Shin Bet, and court records.    Reuters

Palestinian medics report at least 31 killed by Israeli strikes on Gaza. Israeli strikes across the Gaza Strip overnight and into the morning of Dec. 11th left at least 31 individuals dead, reported Palestinian medical officials. According to the Kamal Adwan Hospital, which received bodies, 22 were killed in Beit Lahiya, where a strike hit a home sheltering displaced individual. Among the dead were eight family members, including four children, their parents, and grandparents. Another strike in the Nuseirat refugee camp killed seven people, including two children and their parents. Another two people were killed by an Israeli airstrike on a home in Gaza City, said the Palestinian Civil Emergency Service. The Israeli military, which has been targeting Hamas militants since October, did not comment on these specific incidents but accuses militants of endangering civilians by operating among them. The military also claimed that militants stationed in central Gaza on Wednesday fired four projectiles into Israel, two of which landed in open areas. The other two were intercepted. ReutersAssociated Press 

U.N. says humanitarian aid to North Gaza has been mostly blocked for 66 days. The United Nations reported Tuesday that humanitarian aid to northern Gaza has been largely blocked for 66 days since Israel launched a ground offensive on October 6, leaving 65,000-75,000 Palestinians without food, water, electricity, or health care. The siege on areas like Beit Lahiya, Beit Hanoun, and Jabaliya continues, with limited aid and forced displacements. Only four U.N.-supported bakeries remain operational in Gaza City, exacerbating the food crisis. The U.N. humanitarian coordinator for Gaza described the situation as "utterly devastating," citing a breakdown in law and order, looting, and the inability to deliver aid. She urged Israel to grant access for aid convoys and reopen crossings but stressed that resolving the crisis requires political will from U.N. member states. The U.N. has the logistics in place for relief efforts but cannot act without broader international cooperation. Israel's U.N. Mission declined to comment. Associated Press

The Palestinians who went missing after encounters with Israeli forces in Gaza. The Associated Press details the harrowing experiences of Palestinian families in Gaza searching for missing relatives in the wake of chaotic Israeli military operations. Many, like 23-year-old Reem Ajour, were separated from loved ones during raids and have no information about their fate. Ajour lost contact with her wounded husband and 4-year-old daughter during a raid, and the military denies detaining them. Similar stories of disappearances, including elderly and sick individuals, shed light on a lack of accountability in tracking detainees or those killed in conflict zones. The Israeli military often holds detainees incommunicado for months, leaving families in anguish. The Israeli advocacy group Hamoked has petitioned for answers about 900 missing Palestinians, but transparency from the military is limited, and courts often dismiss these cases. The accounts underscore the challenges of documenting mass disappearances, the destruction of homes, and the return of unidentifiable bodies to Gaza. Families, like those of cancer-ridden, 76-year-old Mahmoud Alghrabli or 77-year-old Mahmoud Almoqayed, are left with unresolved grief, unable to confirm whether their loved ones were killed or are detained by Israel, as evidence remains scarce. Rights groups continue to stress the need for accountability and clear documentation to prevent such tragedies. Associated Press

THE UKRAINE UPDATE

U.S. Transfers $20 Billion Loan to Ukraine Backed by Russian Assets. On Tuesday, the U.S. Treasury transferred $20 billion to a World Bank-managed fund for Ukraine, part of a $50 billion G7 loan backed by interest from $300 billion in frozen Russian assets. This economic aid aims to sustain Ukraine's non-military essential services amid Russia's ongoing war and the uncertainty of President-elect Donald Trump's stance on future support. The Biden administration ensured the transfer before Trump's inauguration to safeguard the funds from potential policy reversals. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen emphasized that this initiative shifts war costs onto Russia while signaling Western resolve. The G7 initiative, agreed upon in October, allocates $19.4 billion from the European Union, $3.7 billion from Canada, $3.07 billion from Japan, and $2.9 billion from the U.K., complementing the U.S. contribution. While frozen Russian assets remain immobilized, their annual income, around $3.2 billion, underpins the loans. Some advocate fully confiscating the frozen Russian resources. New York Times Barron’s Reuters Kyiv Independent

Trump says solving Russia’s war on Ukraine is his top priority. After taking office next month, Donald Trump emphasized that resolving the Ukraine crisis will be his top priority. Speaking to Paris Match in Paris during his visit for the reopening of Notre Dame Cathedral, Trump described the Middle East as “a less difficult situation” in comparison. The interview, recorded on Saturday, was released on Wednesday.  “I think we have to solve the Ukraine problem with Russia,” Trump said, highlighting the catastrophic toll of the war: “Both those countries are losing numbers that nobody can believe. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers are being killed.” During his Paris trip, Trump met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, calling their meeting “good.” Zelensky later praised Trump’s “strong resolve” to end the war. Trump reiterated calls for an immediate ceasefire and negotiations. On Syria, Trump clarified the U.S. would not intervene, stating, “Syria will have to take care of itself.” Inquirer Paris Match

Zelensky made the case for security guarantees at Saturday’s meeting with Trump. During their Saturday meeting in Paris, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and U.S. President-elect Donald Trump, hosted by French President Emmanuel Macron, discussed the need for security guarantees in ending Russia’s war on Ukraine. While Trump expressed a desire for swift peace talks and a ceasefire, Zelensky emphasized that guarantees are essential to prevent future Russian aggression. Macron and Zelensky presented a unified stance, stressing Europe’s contributions and urging stronger U.S. leadership. Trump remained cordial and receptive but offered no detailed vision for resolving the conflict. The meeting underscored Kyiv’s reliance on U.S. support amid growing uncertainty. Reuters

Zelensky Says More Patriot Air Defense Systems Could Change Course of War. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called for 10 to 12 additional US-made Patriot air defense systems, emphasizing their potential to change the course of Russia's war on Ukraine. Speaking with Spanish parliamentarian Iratxe García Pérez in Kyiv on Tuesday, Zelensky lamented the lack of decisive action, urging funds to be sourced from frozen Russian assets. “When our sky is completely protected, no glide bombs, no missiles would hit infrastructure or energy objects,” he said. People will return to normal life; the economy will work. This is what we need tactically.” Recent attacks, including one in Zaporizhzhia on Tuesday that killed 6 and damaged a hospital, underscore the need. Zelensky stressed global responsibility, noting Russia’s use of nearly 500 guided bombs last week. Bloomberg

Why Zelensky’s refusal to conscript more men has torpedoed his relationship with Washington. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s refusal to lower the draft age to 18 has strained relations with Washington. U.S. officials, including Secretary of State Antony Blinken, argue that Ukraine faces critical manpower shortages as Russia advances in eastern Ukraine. Zelensky countered by urging the Joe Biden administration to prioritize missile supplies and reducing Russia’s military capabilities. He highlighted that mobilizing younger age groups, which constitute a small proportion of Ukraine’s population, is not viable. The Ukrainian president also delivered a parting blow aimed directly at Biden, still the world’s most powerful leader for 42 more days. “I told President Trump that Putin fears only him and, perhaps, China,” Zelensky wrote on social media. This clash comes as Biden approved a $20 billion loan for Ukraine, funded by immobilized Russian assets. Zelensky’s rare public criticism of Biden underscores his growing frustration amid fears that Donald Trump could withdraw U.S. support if he takes office in January. The debate over conscription reflects broader challenges in sustaining Ukraine’s defense while maintaining unity among Western allies. The Telegraph

Ukraine races to develop its own long-range weapons to counter Russia. Facing potentially severe cutbacks in Western military aid next year, Ukraine is stepping up its development of domestic long-range weapons. Kyiv has focused on expanding its arms production, particularly of long-range drones and missiles. Ukrainian-made drones, such as the Peklo (“Hell”), have struck deep into Russian territory, targeting key military sites over 400 miles away. Defense Minister Rustem Umerov announced plans to deliver over 30,000 next-generation drones in 2025, showcasing Ukraine’s technological innovation. However, experts warn drones alone cannot address battlefield challenges. Ukraine has also ramped up production of cruise and ballistic missiles, including the Neptune and Palianytsia systems, but remains reliant on U.S. aid. “Both in terms of value and in terms of bulk, there are a large number of critical munitions and systems which, at the moment, the United States is the only really credible source,” said Justin Bronk, an air warfare expert and senior research fellow at the Royal United Services Institute in London. Ukrainian officials say developing their arms industry is key for the country’s security. Despite ambitious plans, experts highlight persistent issues, including manpower shortages and command inefficiencies. Washington Post Kyiv Independent

As China weaponizes the drone supply chain, Ukraine builds more parts at home. Ukraine's drone industry is increasingly shifting to domestic production as China restricts exports of critical components, raising concerns about its alignment with Russia. Ukrainian manufacturers like DragoDrones are innovating with locally sourced parts, while companies such as Oko Camera are developing advanced thermal lenses, ensuring quality control superior to some Chinese imports. Despite progress, challenges persist with reliance on imported raw materials, sensors, and simple electronics. Ukraine aims to reduce dependency on China, improve self-reliance, and eventually export drones to Western markets, leveraging NATO’s growing reluctance to accept Chinese-origin components in defense supply chains. Domestic production expansion remains a priority amid ongoing threats and sanctions. Kyiv Independent

Finance minister: Ukraine can fight without US aid at least until mid-2025. Ukrainian Finance Minister Serhii Marchenko stated that Ukraine can sustain its defense against Russian aggression without U.S. aid until mid-2025, citing sufficient funds and weapons. He emphasized the importance of building trust with the incoming U.S. administration and using this time wisely for strategic talks with allies. While acknowledging the challenge of potential reduced support, he assured Ukraine’s preparedness for continued resistance, with budget allocations ensuring military needs in 2025. The U.S. recently announced additional aid, reinforcing Kyiv’s current capabilities. Ukrainska Pravda

Ukraine peace talks possible this winter, says Poland's Tusk. Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk suggested Ukraine peace talks might begin this winter, with Poland assuming a pivotal role as it takes the European Union presidency in January. Following recent Paris discussions between Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, French President Emmanuel Macron, and U.S. President-elect Donald Trump, Tusk plans to meet Macron in Warsaw on Thursday. While Zelensky signaled openness to negotiations, he doubted Russian President Vladimir Putin's willingness for peace. The Kremlin reiterated its intent to achieve goals militarily or diplomatically. Poland aims to shape the political agenda and strengthen regional security through coordination with European allies during its leadership term. ReutersBloomberg

Ukraine to raise NATO invite, security guarantees at a meeting with European allies. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky plans to meet with European partners in December to discuss NATO membership and security guarantees. The date of this meeting has not been publicly disclosed. The agenda includes coordinating a joint position to strengthen Ukraine's stance in potential negotiations and on the battlefield. These topics were also addressed in discussions with U.S. President-elect Donald Trump and French President Emmanuel Macron. Reuters

Zaporizhzhia Strike Toll Rises To 7; Search Remains for More Victims. Rescuers were working Wednesday to find people under the rubble of a building destroyed in a Russian attack that killed seven people the day before, Ukrainian officials said. The attack that destroyed a medical clinic and an office building in Zaporizhzhia on Tuesday was the latest in an intensifying series of strikes on southern Ukraine, reinforcing fears of a new Russian offensive in the area. "The death toll has risen to six people," the Interior Ministry said on social media. "As many as five people may be trapped under the rubble. Police, rescuers, volunteers, and relevant city services continue to work at the scene. Another 22 people were wounded in the attack, including a five-year-old girl. This follows a Friday attack in the city that killed 10 and injured over 20, highlighting ongoing assaults. Zaporizhzhia is one of the four Ukrainian regions Moscow claimed to have annexed in 2022 without fully controlling it. Tuesday’s attack was among those that killed eight nationally and injured at least 57. A person was also killed in a Russian attack on Kherson Oblast. Barron’s Reuters

Nearly half of Ukrainians trust Trump, new poll reports. A recent poll by the New Europe Center reveals that 44.6% of Ukrainians trust U.S. President-elect Donald Trump, up from 10% in 2023. Despite Trump’s controversial statements about halting aid and forcing peace talks, many Ukrainians view his approach as potentially decisive. Meanwhile, 55% still trust President Joe Biden, though his credibility dropped alongside German Chancellor Olaf Scholz's. Most Ukrainians (64.1%) doubt negotiations with Russia but are divided on Western support, with 57.2% believing it insufficient. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and Polish President Andrzej Duda emerged as the most trusted leaders, credited for their strong support for Ukraine. PoliticoEU

US announces $266 million in sales to bolster Ukraine’s F-16 fighter jets. On Tuesday, the U.S. State Department approved a $266 million military sales package for Ukraine to sustain and repair its F-16 fighter jets. This includes mission planning systems, weapons software, training equipment, and spare parts to enhance Ukraine’s air defense. The move follows Denmark’s transfer of additional F-16s and complements broader U.S. military aid, including a $988 million package announced on Saturday. Kyiv Independent

Investigation: How cotton from Central Asia is helping fuel Russia’s war in Ukraine. Simon Ostrovsky investigates how cotton pulp from Central Asia, particularly Uzbekistan, sustains Russia's production of nitrocellulose for gunpowder and explosives used in the war against Ukraine. Despite U.S. pressure to halt these exports, Uzbekistan continues supplying Russia, circumventing restrictions by increasing cotton pulp shipments. Efforts to disrupt this trade include speculation about a 2023 explosion in Tashkent’s logistics warehouse, believed to be sabotage. Russia counters U.S. influence in the region with economic deals, including a nuclear plant agreement. Sanctioning key figures like Rustam Muminov, who controls 85% of Uzbekistan’s cotton pulp exports, could disrupt supply chains but remains challenging under current policies. PBS News

Drone hits IAEA vehicle on the road to Russian-held Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant.  A drone strike severely damaged an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) vehicle near the Russian-held Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant on Tuesday, with no casualties reported. IAEA chief Rafael Grossi condemned the attack, calling it "unacceptable" and urging restraint. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy labeled the strike a deliberate Russian attack, accusing Moscow of disregarding international law and safety. Grossi emphasized the critical need to protect nuclear safety personnel during the war. Zelenskiy demanded a decisive response from the IAEA and global institutions. Russia, which seized the plant in 2022, did not directly comment but denied Ukrainian claims of endangering the site. Reuters

ISW Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment for Tuesday, Dec. 10. Russia's force posture around Syria highlights Kremlin indecision following Bashar al-Assad's fall. Naval assets remain in a holding pattern near Tartus, and equipment is dismantled at key bases. Russia is set to supply MiG-29 and Su-27 fighter jets to North Korea in exchange for troop deployments to support Russia's war in Ukraine, reflecting deepened military cooperation. Vladimir Putin met Indian Defense Minister Rajnath Singh to discuss defense cooperation as India balances Russian ties with increasing purchases from Western suppliers. Russia is integrating irregular military units from Donetsk and Luhansk into its Ministry of Defense structure to formalize its forces. Despite Western sanctions, Russia continues incorporating high-tech Western components into its weapons systems. Russian President Vladimir Putin reportedly promoted Deputy Defense Minister Pavel Fradkov to Major General, per a reliable insider source.

Battlefield update: Ukrainian forces advanced in the Vuhledar direction while Russian troops advanced in the Kursk and Kharkiv oblasts and in the Svatove, Toretsk, Pokrovsk, Kurakhove, Vuhledar, and Velyka Novosilka directions. Institute for the Study of War

Opinion: Syrian rebels had help from Ukraine in humiliating Russia. David Ignatius argues that Ukraine covertly supported Syrian rebels, including Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), in their successful offensive against Bashar al-Assad, aiming to weaken Russian influence in the region. Ukrainian intelligence provided drones and operators to the rebels, though Western sources downplay their impact on Assad's fall. Ignatius highlights this effort as part of Ukraine’s broader strategy to target Russian operations globally, including in Africa and within Russia. While Kyiv’s involvement was limited, it underscores Ukraine’s intent to counter Russia on multiple fronts, echoing the historical failures of Russia and others to anticipate such unconventional, strategic moves. Washington Post

Opinion: Ukraine is expanding its long-range arsenal for deep strikes inside Russia. Peter Dickinson highlights Ukraine’s efforts to expand its long-range strike capabilities, unveiling new missile drones like the Peklo with a 700-kilometer range. Kyiv views such advancements as crucial for countering Russia, given longstanding Western restrictions on attacks inside Russian territory. Ukraine aims to weaken Russia’s military and economic infrastructure, pressing allies for more support while boosting domestic production of advanced weaponry. President Volodymyr Zelensky has emphasized striking deep into Russia to force negotiations on favorable terms. Atlantic Council

Opinion: Will Trump play the role of Churchill in Ukraine, or of Chamberlain? Joseph Bosco argues that Donald Trump faces a critical choice in addressing Russia's aggression against Ukraine: emulate Winston Churchill's resolve or Neville Chamberlain's appeasement. He critiques President Joe Biden for excessive caution in aiding Ukraine, constrained by fears of escalation. Trump's past remarks suggest he may compel Ukraine to cede territory to Russia. However, Bosco urges Trump to adopt a Churchillian stance, resisting neo-isolationist influences within his circle. With global threats rising from Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea, Bosco contends Trump has the potential to restore U.S. leadership, provided he sheds his admiration for authoritarian figures. The Hill

Opinion: Getting Ukraine Right. Igor Khrestin and David J. Kramer argue that the U.S. must decisively support Ukraine’s defense against Russia, prioritizing military aid, reinforcing sanctions, and advocating Ukraine’s NATO membership. They criticize the Biden administration’s slow decision-making on weapons and call for fully lifting restrictions on Ukraine’s use of long-range missiles. Strengthened sanctions, including seizing Russian assets, are vital to curtail Moscow’s war capacity. The authors emphasize that aiding Ukraine is essential to global democracy and deterring authoritarian regimes like China. They also stress prosecuting Russia’s war crimes and warn that Western hesitation risks prolonged conflict and greater instability worldwide. George W. Bush Presidential Center

Opinion: Putin's imperial overstretch in Ukraine means he's now too weak to protect a vital ally. Edward Lucas contends that Vladimir Putin’s imperial overreach in Ukraine has critically weakened Russia’s ability to support its allies, exemplified by the collapse of Bashar al-Assad’s regime in Syria. The likely loss of Russia's naval and air bases in Syria undermines Putin’s ambition to be a Middle Eastern power broker, signaling a retreat from global influence. Assad’s downfall also weakens Russia’s negotiating power in Ukraine, where Putin’s resources are stretched thin by the war. The Daily Mail

AMERICAS

US Considers New Russia Oil Sanctions to Weaken Putin Ahead of Trump. The Biden administration, long resistant to harsher measures targeting Russia’s oil trade, is now considering new sanctions as its term ends. Previously, Biden avoided restricting Russian oil exports, fearing a global spike in energy prices, particularly during politically sensitive periods like the recent U.S. election. Instead, the administration implemented price caps on Russian crude in December 2022 to balance market stability and revenue limitations. However, with oil prices now declining and Donald Trump’s return to the presidency imminent, Biden is more open to aggressive actions. Potential steps include sanctions on Russia’s shadow tanker fleet and foreign buyers, aimed at further crippling Putin’s war finances and strengthening Ukraine’s leverage in anticipated negotiations under a new U.S. administration. Bloomberg

Trump chooses Andrew Ferguson to chair FTC. President-elect Donald Trump has chosen Andrew Ferguson as the next chair of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), highlighting his track record of challenging Big Tech and defending free speech. Ferguson, currently an FTC commissioner and a former clerk for Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, vowed to prioritize competition and innovation while curbing “Big Tech’s vendetta against competition and free speech.” On Tuesday, Trump also nominated Mark Meador, a seasoned antitrust expert, as an FTC commissioner. The appointments signal that the GOP administration will continue aggressive antitrust scrutiny, including ongoing cases against tech giants like Apple, Amazon, and Google. The administration could reshape FTC investigations or policy priorities. Ferguson supports Trump's selection of Gail Slater to lead the Justice Department’s antitrust division, expected to prosecute large tech firms for anti-competitive practices. Under current FTC chair Lina Khan, the agency has blocked major corporate mergers and targeted various industries to maintain competition, often sparking criticism from Wall Street. While Trump is likely to replace Khan, some Republicans have supported her tough antitrust approach, with Vice President-elect JD Vance praising her performance in the Biden administration. CNNReutersCBS 

Trump announces Ron Johnson as his pick for U.S. ambassador to Mexico.President-elect Donald Trump has announced Ron Johnson, a former ambassador to El Salvador and CIA veteran, as the next U.S. ambassador to Mexico. Johnson, an Army Green Beret, will take on the high-profile role during a time of strained U.S.-Mexico relations, with Trump threatening tariffs over immigration and drug trafficking issues at the southern border. Trump stressed Johnson’s alignment with "America First Foreign Policies" and noted he would work closely with Secretary of State nominee Marco Rubio. Johnson was chosen over Trump ally Kari Lake for the position. During Trump’s first term, Christopher Landau, a lawyer with limited diplomatic experience but well-regarded in Mexico, held the role. Johnson’s extensive background contrasts with Landau’s, signaling a focus on security and diplomacy in U.S.-Mexico relations. The Hill ReutersCBS 

Trump reveals picks for ambassadors to Greece and Turkey. U.S. President-elect Donald Trump announced two key ambassadorial appointments on Tuesday: Kimberly Guilfoyle, a former Fox News host and political fundraiser engaged to Donald Trump Jr., as ambassador to Greece, and Tom Barrack, a longtime friend and chair of Trump’s 2016 inaugural committee, as ambassador to Turkey. Trump praised Guilfoyle’s suitability for strengthening U.S.-Greece relations in areas such as defense and trade and described Barrack as a "well-respected voice of reason." These appointments reflect Trump's tendency to nominate individuals with personal or family ties. Previously, he announced plans to nominate his son-in-law Jared Kushner's father as ambassador to France and his daughter Tiffany’s father-in-law as a senior adviser on Middle East issues. Barrack, a private equity executive, was acquitted in 2022 of charges related to acting as an agent for the UAE. Reuters BloombergVOANBC   

Haitians call for protection as gang continues to hunt the elderly in wake of brutal massacre. Witnesses in Haiti’s Cité Soleil community reported Tuesday that gang leader Micanor Altès, also known as Monel Felix, was still targeting older residents and young people, just days after ordering a savage massacre against the elderly in retaliation for his son’s death. Altès allegedly blamed his child’s illness on suspected witchcraft by Vodou leaders and elderly community members, resulting in the killings of over 100 people. Access to the gang-held area remains restricted, preventing police, human rights groups, and even the U.N.-backed Kenyan-led mission from intervening. Estimates of the death toll range from over 100 to at least 184, though precise numbers are difficult to confirm due to limited access. The Haitian government and advocacy groups have condemned the killings and called for swift justice, but the government's ability to act remains unclear. Unprecedented gang violence and lawlessness continue to escalate across the country, contributing to over 4,500 deaths this year. Associated Press 

U.S. launches probe into labor, human rights abuses in Nicaragua, as concerns grow over Ortega’s mounting authoritarianism.Worries over Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega’s repressive actions and authoritarian governing style have prompted the White House to open an investigation into the nation’s labor and human rights abuses under the Trade Act of 1974.  The investigation, led by the U.S. Trade Representative, will examine allegations of forced labor, human trafficking, political repression, and violations of workers' rights, as well as their impact on trade relations. The probe must be completed within a year, after which potential retaliatory measures may be considered. Nicaragua's membership in the Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) complicates potential actions, as the country holds a $3 billion trade surplus with the U.S., representing 20% of its GDP. The investigation coincides with Ortega's proposal to amend the constitution to designate himself and his wife as "copresidents" and extend the presidential term to six years. These moves follow widespread government crackdowns, including the imprisonment and exile of political opponents, journalists, and religious leaders, and the closure of over 5,000 organizations since 2018. Associated Press Newsweek 

Rights group accuses Nicaragua of torturing at least 229 political prisoners.A report by the Nicaragua Never Again Human Rights Collective revealed that at least 229 people detained for political reasons in Nicaragua over the past seven years have suffered torture and other "crimes against humanity" under the government of President Daniel Ortega. The NGO, based in Costa Rica, documented the cases of 183 men and 46 women subjected to abuse out of approximately 2,000 people arrested during the 2018 anti-government protests. The report detailed over 40 forms of torture, including beatings, asphyxiation, electric shocks, burns, and the removal of fingernails or teeth. Many detainees were denied medical care, held in isolation, or arrested without warrants, often through violent and arbitrary detentions involving paramilitary forces. The U.N. Human Rights Office recently warned of worsening repression in Nicaragua, where citizens face a "severe and repressive climate." The Ortega government, which has dismissed such reports, has passed reforms expanding presidential, police, and military powers, further solidifying its control. Critics accuse the illiberal government of escalating authoritarianism and human rights abuses. Reuters 

Mexican federal congressman killed as political bloodshed roils. Mexican Congressman Benito Aguas, a member of the ruling coalition, was assassinated in Veracruz on Monday, alongside another man who was identified as Agustin Linares. Aguas, who was affiliated with the Green Party, was shot multiple times in the municipality of Zongolica and later succumbed to his injuries. The Veracruz attorney general has launched an investigation into the killings. President Claudia Sheinbaum, who took office in October, vowed to ensure justice and work with local authorities. This assassination adds to the ongoing surge of political violence in Mexico, where politicians have been frequently targeted. The incident comes amid a wave of broader violence across the country, including cartel conflicts and the recent murder of a mayor in Guerrero state. Dozens of politicians were killed in the summer, ahead of last June's general election. ReutersCBSThe GuardianLa Verdad Noticias   

Venezuelan opposition signals fluid timeline toward government transition. Venezuela's opposition has signaled a more flexible timeline for transitioning power from President Nicolás Maduro, who claims to have won July’s disputed presidential election. Opposition candidate Edmundo González, in exile in Spain, and leader María Corina Machado, who is hiding in Venezuela, remain at risk of arrest, complicating efforts to challenge Maduro's authoritarian government. Despite backing from dozens of nations, including the U.S., González's ability to return to Caracas and assume office remains uncertain. Post-election anti-government protests were met with severe repression, resulting in over 2,200 arrests and stifling public dissent. While no large-scale rallies have occurred since August, Machado insists the movement is growing and remains committed to enforcing the election results. The opposition has offered unspecified negotiation terms to Maduro's government, prioritizing the release of political prisoners. Meanwhile, Machado emphasized that the repression reflects a "terminal state" for the government and expressed confidence in the opposition's eventual success. Associated Press 

EUROPE

Russia’s elite sound the alarm on the economy amid high interest rates. Russia's economy is showing cracks under Western sanctions and high interest rates, with corporate warnings of potential bankruptcies and a faltering defense industry. President Vladimir Putin recently celebrated Russia's purported economic growth of 4%, but his narrative contrasts sharply with alarm among business leaders. Sergei Chemezov, head of the state arms conglomerate RosTec, warned that current interest rates could bankrupt “a majority” of enterprises. The central bank forecasts growth slowing to just 0.5-1.5% in 2025, with inflation surpassing 9%. Sanctions have also driven the ruble to its lowest levels since 2022, further escalating costs for imports and defense production. Steel magnate Alexei Mordashov noted it’s more profitable for firms to reduce operations and deposit funds than to bear operational risks. Despite these issues, Putin remains focused on reducing inflation and building his military. Washington Post

Belarus has dozens of Russian nuclear weapons and is ready for its newest missile. Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko said Tuesday his nation is hosting dozens of Russian nuclear weapons and plans to prepare facilities for Moscow's hypersonic ballistic missiles. Following Friday’s formalization of a security treaty with Vladimir Putin, Belarus now falls under Russia’s nuclear umbrella, permitting the potential use of nuclear arms in defense. Lukashenko, a dictator who has ruled the nation of 10 million people for over 30 years, emphasized swift retaliation against aggression. Belarus hosts tactical nuclear weapons, which are smaller than intercontinental nuclear missiles but potent. The deployment extends Russia’s reach over Ukraine and NATO nations. Putin highlighted the devastating potential of the Oreshnik missile, capable of Mach 10 speeds, with its deployment to Belarus planned by late 2025. The updated Russian nuclear doctrine lowers the threshold for using nuclear weapons. But speaking Tuesday, Putin claimed that “a sufficient number of these advanced weapon systems simply makes the use of nuclear weapons almost unnecessary.” Associated Press

Romania’s pro-European parties to swiftly establish a broad coalition government. Romania's pro-European parties agreed late Monday to form a governing coalition to counter ultranationalist influence and set a date to re-run the annulled presidential election, likely in early 2025. The Social Democrats, Liberals, Save Romania Union, and the ethnic Hungarian party aim to finalize a governing program soon. The annulment, prompted by alleged Russian meddling and far-right NATO critic Calin Georgescu's rise, has delayed the election process. Outgoing President Klaus Iohannis will remain in office until a successor is sworn in. Analysts predict coalition tensions and fiscal challenges, including tax hikes, could strain public support and party unity. With prosecutors investigating his campaign, it was unclear whether Georgescu would be allowed to run again. Reuters 

Syrians in Germany are concerned by some politicians’ eagerness for them to go home. Syrians in Germany are uneasy as some politicians push for their return after Bashar al-Assad's fall on Sunday. With nearly 975,000 Syrians in Germany, debates focus on whether to deport or retain refugees, many of whom are well-integrated. Proposals like a €1,000 repatriation fund drew backlash from Syrians, citing Syria's ongoing instability. Officials, including Bavarian Interior Minister Joachim Herrmann, recognize the economic contributions of integrated Syrians but suggest returning those who remain unintegrated if Syria stabilizes. Meanwhile, Germany suspended decisions on asylum applications to assess conditions, leaving many in uncertainty, including newly arrived refugees fearing deportation and forced military conscription in Syria. Associated Press 

Serbia’s president says he won’t flee his country like Syria’s Assad did despite growing protests. Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić on Tuesday rejected comparisons to Syria’s Bashar al-Assad, vowing not to flee the nation of nearly 7 million people amid protests over corruption and a deadly rail station roof collapse in Novi Sad. In a video message, Vučić declared, “If they think I’m Assad, and that I’ll run away somewhere, I will not. I will fight for Serbia.” Protesters, including students, blame the Nov. 1 disaster, which killed 15, on corruption tied to Chinese-backed infrastructure projects. The roof collapse became a flashpoint for broader dissatisfaction with Vučić's growingly autocratic rule, reflecting public demands for democratic changes in the country. Vučić alleged foreign-funded efforts aim to destabilize Serbia. He said he would reveal details of the outside money sources soon while pushing a controversial “foreign agents” law. The Balkan nation seeks membership in the European Union while maintaining close ties with Russia and China. Vučić, who claims the neutrality of Serbia, has pledged never to join Western sanctions against Moscow for its invasion of Ukraine. Associated Press 

U.K. to offer Cyprus intelligence to help combat Russia’s sanctions evasion. The UK will provide intelligence to a new Cypriot unit to prevent Russian sanctions evasion. The announcement came during British Prime Minister Keir Starmer's historic visit to Cyprus. Starmer and Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides agreed to share data to disrupt illicit financing linked to Russia’s war in Ukraine. Cyprus has frozen $1.9 billion in Russian assets since 2022 and joined a UK-led initiative to intercept ships violating sanctions. Britain will also train Cypriot law enforcement on financial crimes, including illicit tobacco smuggling. This visit marked the first by a UK prime minister to Cyprus in 53 years. Cyprus has frozen $1.9 billion in Russian assets since Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The Cypriot government has also joined a U.K.-led initiative to intercept ships used in circumventing sanctions. Britain maintains two military bases in Cyprus, including a key electronic surveillance facility for the Middle East. Associated Press

Germany arrests 3 men over suspected plot for Islamic extremist attack. German authorities arrested three men, including two German Lebanese brothers and a German Turkish man, for allegedly plotting an Islamist terror attack. Police found an assault rifle, knives, protective gear, and evidence of ISIS sympathies during home searches. The suspects, aged 15 to 22, reportedly planned an act that could have "endangered the state." Officials emphasized the plot was in its early stages and posed no immediate danger to the public. All three remain in custody. Deutsche Welle The Guardian Associated Press Times of Israel 

THE MIDDLE EAST

Russia Pushed Assad to Flee Syria After Concluding He’d Lost War. As Syrian opposition forces advanced toward Damascus, Russia orchestrated Bashar al-Assad’s escape, signaling the end of his regime. Fearing a repeat of Muammar Gaddafi’s brutal death, Russia concluded Assad could no longer hold power and offered him safe passage, flying him and his family out from a Syrian airbase. Within hours, militants claimed Damascus, ending the Assad dynasty’s five-decade rule. The Kremlin, surprised by the rapid collapse, blamed Assad while focusing on safeguarding its military bases in Tartus and Khmeimim. Russian officials now engage with Syrian opposition and allies Iran and Turkey to protect strategic interests. Bloomberg

Syria's interim prime minister takes charge, transition begins.  Mohammed al-Bashir, an obscure figure out of Syria’s rebel-held northwest, announced on Tuesday he was taking charge as caretaker prime minister with the backing of the forces who overthrew President Bashar al-Assad.  Bashir said rebel leaders, now known as the Salvation government, and members of Assad’s government had agreed to a transition process during which documents and institutions would be transferred to the caretaker government.  On Monday banks and shops reopened in Damascus and street-sweepers were out in force.  The rebel command ordered fighters to withdraw from cities, and deployed police and internal security forces affiliated with Hayat Tahrir al-Shams (HTS) to deploy instead. In Washington, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said the transition process “should lead to credible, inclusive, and non-sectarian governance that meets international standards of transparency and accountability, consistent with the principles of United Nations Security Council Resolution 2254," Blinken said. "The United States will recognize and fully support a future Syria government that results from this process.” He added that the new government must prevent Syria from being used as a platform for terrorists and must destroy chemical and biological weapons stocks. State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller declined to say whether Washington would remove HTS from the U.S. list of foreign terrorist organizations, a designation which now prevents the U.S. from giving it aid. "We have seen over the years any number of militant groups who have seized power, who have promised that they would respect minorities, who have promised that they would respect religious freedom, promised that they would govern in an inclusive way, and then see them fail to meet those promises," Miller said. He added that the United States had asked HTS to help locate and free American journalist Austin Tice, kidnapped in Syria in 2012. He said this was a "priority" for Washington.  In Brussels, Kaja Kallas, the European Union's new foreign policy chief, told a European Parliament committee session that it was too early to tell whether Syria could avoid sectarian violence and a resurgence of extremism.  "The first signals are good, but we are not rushing into any kind of arrangements yet, if we don't have certainty," she said. Reuters Reuters  

Assad's fall buries Chinese ambitions for a stronger role in the Middle East.   Last year, Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged to support Syrian Bashar al-Assad in "opposing external interference." and to aid him in rebuilding Syria after the civil war of 2011. With Assad’s fall and the weakness of Iran exposed, Xi’s strategy is in tatters.  China has sought a larger role in the Middle East, last year brokering a deal between Iran and Saudi Arabia and, earlier this year,  a truce between Fatah, Hamas and other rival Palestinian factions. But the Gaza war drags on, a blow to Chinese ambitions for a stable Middle East free of dependence on the U.S. Syria joined China's Belt and Road Initiative in 2022, but sanctions on trade with Syria prevented   significant investments by Chinese firms. "Assad's sudden downfall is not a scenario Beijing wishes to see," Fan Hongda, a Middle East scholar at Shanghai International Studies University, told Reuters. "China prefers a more stable and independent Middle East, as chaos or a pro-American orientation in the region does not align with China's interests."  Reuters 

White House: US troops are in Syria to stay, for a while longer anyway. U.S. troops will remain in Syria to continue fighting off Islamic State militants, a top White House official said Tuesday.  Deputy National Security Advisor Jon Finer said in an interview at the Reuters NEXT conference in New York that U.S. troops "have been there now for the better part of a decade or more to fight ISIS... we are still committed to that mission." Finer said pledges coming out of the Syrian rebel camp are "quite constructive,” adding that Washington wants to see "credible, inclusive governance for Syria." He said the Biden administration is in contact with President-elect Donald Trump’s team to keep them up to speed on developments in Syria.  Reuters 

Syria’s new leaders signal their embrace of a free-market economy.  Syria's new leaders have assured their business community they will adopt a free-market model connected to the global economy, Bassel Hamwi, head of the Damascus Chambers of Commerce, told Reuters.  Syrian businessmen hope the Islamist-rooted rebels will run an economy open to investment and international trade – not an Islamist state and not under the combination of stifling controls  and corruption that characterized the Assad dynasty.  Hamwi said Syrian businessmen abroad are being urged to return home and bring in investment needed for reconstruction and progress. One encouraging sign of a return to normalcy, Hamwi said: the main vault of Syria’s central bank has remained untouched during the fall of Damascus.   Reuters

Russia wants to keep its navy, air bases in Syria.   Russia has pulled its forces out from small forward bases in Syria but is holding onto its main naval and air bases, which it uses to stage military operations in the Mediterranean and Africa.  Satellite imagery published online Tuesday showed no signs that Russia troops and assets were moving out of the Tartus naval base or Hmeimim air base near Latakia.   Moscow has indicated it wants to negotiate with the new regime.   Satellite imagery made public Monday showed that two Russian frigates, a submarine and a support vessel, previously photographed in the port of Tartus on December 6, were no longer there. But photos from Planet Labs and NASA show vessels matching their sizes holding positions about 8 to10 kilometers offshore, outside the range of mortar fire. If Russia evacuates its naval presence, the Turkish government may bar the ships from crossing the Bosphorus to get to the Black Sea. The nearest Russian base would be Kaliningrad on the Baltic, involving a longer route requiring refueling.   Financial Times  Reuters 

Russian troops evacuate from Syria amid base siege, military intelligence says. Russian forces are withdrawing from Syria following the collapse of the Assad regime, Ukraine’s military intelligence (HUR) reported on Tuesday. Military transport planes and navy vessels transfer personnel and equipment. Emergency dismantling is underway at Tartus naval base, secured by Russian special forces. The rapid rebel offensive in late November dismantled Russian-backed forces, isolating troops and undermining Moscow’s regional influence. Kyiv Independent

Opinion:  What will the Middle East look like in the era of Trump? Go figure.  Edward Luce, US national editor and columnist of the Financial Times, tries to anticipate President-elect Donald Trump’s policies for the Middle East.  He fails, saying “few people, probably including Trump, have a clue what he will do in the Middle East or beyond.”  But he writes, “What is clear is that Assad’s collapse is a bad moment for the four-member ‘axis of upheaval.’  Two of them — Russia and Iran — have lost their most important Middle Eastern friend, who they could do nothing to save…. Iran has rarely been more exposed. Having taken out most of the regime’s air defences and missile production facilities, Israel’s window of temptation to strike with greater devastation is rising. Iran has also lost most of its proxy shields. Hizbollah has been severely weakened; Hamas is a shadow of itself; and Syria is now hostile territory. “Trump is a cipher, Luce says.  He thrives on chaos. His proposed appointees are divided between conventional conservatives (Marco Rubio, Mike Waltz) and rogue (Tulsi Gabbard).   In his first term, he ordered the assassination of Qassem Soleimani, Iran’s popular, powerful military leader, then withdrew from the Iran nuclear treaty. Iran’s new president, Masoud Pezeshkian, has put out feelers to Trump, evidently hoping to loosen sanctions, and Trump advisor Elon Musk recently met in New York with Iran’s ambassador to the UN. “The message emanating from Trump’s Palm Beach beauty contest is that all things from war to peace are possible,” Luce writes.  “Trump’s foreign policy will be a golden age for middlemen.”  Financial Times 

ASIA & OCEANIA

China asserts it’s taking 'necessary measures' to safeguard sovereignty over Taiwan. China is intensifying military activity around Taiwan, deploying 53 aircraft, 11 navy vessels, and 8 civilian agency ships in just the past 24 hours, and prompting Taipei to call for an end to these "provocative acts." While China has not officially commented on the operations, its Taiwan Affairs Office emphasized that it would take "necessary measures" to defend sovereignty, warning against "separatist" activities as well as Taiwan's alleged collusion with external forces. The self-governing island views the increased activity as a political signal to the incoming administration of U.S. President-elect Donald Trump, rather than a direct response to Taiwanese President Lai Ching-te's recent Pacific tour, which included U.S. stopovers in Hawaii and Guam. Officials in Taiwan criticized Beijing for undermining regional stability and asserted that the state’s people alone would decide their future. The scale of China's naval operations has been described as "unheard of" in recent years, with Taiwan reporting the largest deployment in nearly three decades. While Beijing appears to be asserting its authority, analysts suggest it is using a "carrot and stick" approach by combining military maneuvers with outreach to Taiwanese businessmen and politicians through upcoming charm-offensive events. Reuters

US conducts first ballistic missile intercept amid contest with China. The U.S. successfully conducted a critical flight test of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system in the Pacific region, marking a significant step in bolstering Guam's defense capabilities and regional security. Rear Admiral Greg Huffman, Commander of the Joint Task Force-Micronesia, emphasized the test's importance in addressing growing missile threats in the region. The THAAD system, designed to intercept and destroy short- and medium-range ballistic missiles, is a key component of the U.S.'s strategy to ensure the protection of Guam and its surrounding areas against potential adversaries.  South China Morning Post 

Martial law fallout: What’s happening in Seoul, and who’s in charge? South Korea is bogged down in a deepening political crisis following President Yoon Suk Yeol's brief declaration of martial law on December 3, which was quickly overturned following public outrage, massive protests, and parliamentary intervention. On Wednesday, eighteen police investigators raided the presidential office in Seoul and gained access to civil service offices, but they were blocked from entering the main building by security guards. The raid is seeking records related to a cabinet meeting on the night of the martial law declaration, as Yoon faces multiple investigations on charges of insurrection and treason. As of December 11th, police were negotiating with the presidential security service on how to conduct the raid. Meanwhile, Yoon’s image sank further on Tuesday after Army Special Warfare Commander Lt. Gen. Kwak Jong-keun revealed that the President demanded he “break the door down right now and get in there and drag out the [lawmakers] inside." Yoon, who has resisted calls to step down despite an impeachment vote, has seen many of his allies resign. He agreed to shorten his term and step back from foreign and domestic affairs, but the opposition Democratic Party, which holds a parliamentary majority, has condemned such a deal as unconstitutional. Public protests demanding his resignation continue, while his authority remains nebulous. The political situation remains fluid. Yonhap News Agency New York Times Reuters 

South Korea’s ex-defense chief attempted suicide after arrest over martial law case. South Korean Former Defense Minister Kim Yong-hyun, who was detained this week for recommending the enactment of martial law to President Yoon Suk Yeol, attempted to commit suicide while in custody on Tuesday, but is now stable and isolated. The chief of the nation’s correctional service on Wednesday reported that Kim made the attempt in a bathroom just before a formal arrest warrant was issued late Tuesday. Kim has taken full responsibility for actions related to martial law before his resignation. CNN  Deutsche Welle Al Jazeera  

North Korean media reports on South's martial law debacle for the first time. North Korean state media KCNA broke its silence on the political crisis in South Korea on Wednesday, following President Yoon Suk Yeol's controversial and short-lived martial law order. KCNA highlighted the public's backlash, describing the “insane act” as reminiscent of past military dictatorships and citing widespread condemnation from opposition parties and various sectors of society.  Media referred to Yoon as the “puppet,” and said that he had “unleashed the guns of the fascist dictatorship on the people.” The report focused on “social unrest” and echoed South Korean and international media coverage, marking the first acknowledgment of the crisis by North Korean media. Reuters The Independent NHK   

Russian lawmakers give initial approval for bill to remove terrorist designation for the Taliban. Russia has moved closer to recognizing the controversial Taliban government in Afghanistan, with its parliament approving the first reading of a bill to remove the Taliban from Moscow's list of banned terrorist organizations. While no country officially recognizes the Taliban, Russia has been strengthening ties with the group, which President Vladimir Putin has called an ally in combating terrorism. The Kremlin views Islamist militant groups in the region, including Islamic State Khorasan (ISIS-K), as a significant security threat. ISIS-K was reportedly responsible for a deadly attack near Moscow in March, and the Taliban claims to be fighting against the organization within Afghanistan. Despite these developments, Western countries have withheld recognition of the Taliban due to its restrictions on women's rights, including bans on female education and limitations on movement without a male guardian. Reuters  Times of India Newsweek  

U.N. calls on Taliban to uphold human rights in Afghanistan. The U.N. mission in Afghanistan on Tuesday implored the Taliban to maintain global human rights standards and expressed concern over the reported suspension of medical education for women and girls. While Taliban authorities have not confirmed the suspension, the U.N. condemned systemic discrimination against women, who are excluded from most public and educational opportunities. Roza Otunbayeva, head of the mission, deplored the "dangerous erosion of human rights protections," particularly for women and girls, which she described as a failure to safeguard the well-being of all Afghans. Taliban officials have rejected external criticism, emphasizing adherence to Islamic principles, Afghan culture, and local beliefs to define rights. A spokesman argued against imposing foreign cultural values on Afghanistan. On Sunday, however, Interior Minister Sirajuddin Haqqani, a senior Taliban leader, called for a more inclusive approach, cautioning against monopolizing Islam to exclude dissenters. While critical of the Taliban's rigid governance, Haqqani underscored the importance of implementing Islamic principles responsibly. His comments signal internal differences within the Taliban leadership, though he remains wanted by the U.S. for past attacks. The U.N. continues to advocate for the protection of women’s rights and broader human rights in Afghanistan. Associated Press 

AFRICA

Russia’s Africa Strategy at Risk After Syria Regime Collapse. The collapse of Bashar al-Assad’s regime threatens Russia’s strategic operations in Africa, as its Khmeimim airbase in Syria was critical for supplying military support to Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and the Central African Republic (CAR). Analysts warn that without this “air bridge,” Russia’s influence and operations in Africa are “hanging by a thread.” While alternative routes via Libya or other African nations are being considered, logistical challenges and rising costs could force Russia to scale back its engagement, jeopardizing its largest global footprint outside the former Soviet bloc. Bloomberg

France removes 2 Mirage jets from Chad, marking the start of its military exit. France has begun withdrawing its military forces from Chad, starting with the departure of two Mirage 2000-D fighter jets stationed in the capital, N'Djamena. This development follows Chad's recent decision to terminate its defense cooperation agreement with Paris, marking a shift in its strategic partnerships since gaining independence in 1960. France, which has faced similar military withdrawals in Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso, is negotiating the timeline and scope of withdrawing its remaining 1,000 troops in Chad. Chad, a key counterterrorism partner in the region, aims to reevaluate its priorities while maintaining historical ties with France in other areas. The move reflects broader regional shifts, as countries in the Sahel increasingly align with Russia and its controversial mercenaries. Anti-French sentiment has proliferated in Chad, with recent protests calling for the complete withdrawal of French forces. The disengagement of French ground forces is expected to continue in the coming weeks. Associated PressReutersNewsweek 

Embattled Sudan again rises to the top of International Rescue Committee crises watchlist.Sudan has topped the International Rescue Committee's (IRC) 2025 watchlist of global humanitarian crises for the second consecutive year, followed by Gaza and the West Bank, Myanmar, Syria, and South Sudan. According to the committee’s chief executive, the IRC's annual report, initially created as a planning tool, now serves as a global call to action. It highlights a staggering increase in global humanitarian needs, with 305.1 million people currently affected, up from 77.9 million in 2015. Sudan accounts for 10% of the global humanitarian need due to ongoing conflict between the army and paramilitary forces since April 2023, which has triggered the world’s largest displacement crisis. The report emphasizes the growing gap between humanitarian funding and needs, despite unprecedented resources. Other countries on the list include Haiti, Lebanon, Somalia, Afghanistan, and Ukraine, among others. Reuters 

Armed men abduct at least 50 in Nigeria’s northwest. Police and locals in northwestern Nigeria have said that a gang of armed bandits kidnapped over 50 women and children in the village of Kakin Dawa in Zamfara state during a raid on Sunday. The attackers, riding motorcycles and armed with assault rifles, went house to house abducting residents. The incident reflects the ongoing security crisis in northwest Nigeria, where privation, unemployment, and the spread of illegal firearms have fueled rampant kidnappings for ransom. Local residents are demanding that the federal and state governments deploy more security forces to combat the bandits. The community remains in distress as they await demands from the kidnappers for the release of the abducted individuals. Reuters Al Jazeera  

Amnesty International urges investigation into Congolese ex-governor, army officers for potential humanitarian crimes.Amnesty International has demanded a probe into a former governor and two military officials in Congo for alleged crimes against humanity in August 2023 during a brutal crackdown on protestors in Goma. The protest, organized by the Wazalendo sect, opposed the U.N. peacekeeping mission MONUSCO on the grounds that it has repeatedly failed to protect civilians from insurgent violence. The demonstration, banned by Goma’s mayor over alleged incitement concerns, turned violent as security forces were deployed across the city. Amnesty reported that 56 protesters were killed, 80 injured, and several summarily executed in a deliberate, planned operation by Congolese authorities, countering claims that the violence was a reaction to protesters attacking a police officer. Amnesty identified three officials for investigation: Lt. Gen. Constant Ndima, former North Kivu governor; Col. Mike Kalamba Mikombe, head of the Republican Guard in Goma; and Maj. Peter Kabwe, leader of the Guard’s Special Forces. Mikombe, who was accused of ordering soldiers to fire on unarmed protesters, has been convicted and sentenced to death, which Amnesty opposes. Kabwe is accused of leading a deadly raid on a Wazalendo radio station, and Ndima directed forces to "take all measures" to protect MONUSCO and the city. Amnesty urged Congo’s authorities to reopen investigations, suspend Ndima and Kabwe, and hold all responsible accountable. The group also called on President Felix Tshisekedi to ban military units like the Republican Guard from law enforcement operations. Associated Press 

CYBER, TECH & MARKETS

US sanctions Chinese firm for hacking of global critical infrastructure – The Treasury Department on Tuesday announced the sanctioning of a Chinese cybersecurity firm for a massive cyberattack on firewalls worldwide that officials say had the potential to result in injuries or deaths.  The Chengdu-based Sichuan Silence Information Technology Company allegedly deployed malware to over 80,000 firewalls operated by thousands of companies in 2020.   Ragnarok ransomware was deployed resulting in the encryption of targeted data systems.  According to U.S. officials, the Sichuan Silence firm is a contractor for China’s Ministry of Public Security and provides “computer network exploitation, email monitoring, brute-force password cracking, and public sentiment suppression products and services.”  A State Department statement on the April 2020 attacks noted that Sichuan Technology "deployed malware worldwide, permitting access to certain Sophos firewalls without authorization, causing damage to them, and allowing them to retrieve and exfiltrate data from both the firewalls themselves and the computers behind these firewalls."  In announcing the sanctioning of Sichuan Technology, the Treasury Department mentioned three dozen firewalls protecting critical infrastructure networks that were hacked.  If the cyberattacks had not been countered, Treasury said, they "could have resulted in serious injury or loss of human life."  The case of an energy company that was conducting drilling operations “could have caused oil rigs to malfunction,” the Treasury statement noted.  Sichuan Silence did not immediately respond to a Reuters email.  Sichuan Silence was accused in 2021 by Facebook and Instagram of carrying out a disinformation campaign promoting the claims of a phony biologist who said the U.S. interfered in research on the origins of COVID-19.  Reuters   Bleeping Computer   The Record   CyberScoop

Senator calls for strengthened FCC oversight of telecommunications cybersecurity — Sen. Ron Wyden on Tuesday introduced a bill that would mandate cybersecurity standards for telecommunications companies under the authority of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).   The proposed legislation followed a classified intelligence briefing to senators last week on the Salt Typhoon hacking campaign.  The bill would require the FCC to put in place telecommunications security requirements originally called for in a 1994 federal law but never fully implemented.  Wyden commented that foreign hacking of U.S. communications systems was “inevitable…the moment the FCC decided to let phone companies write their own cybersecurity rules.”  FCC Chair Jessica Rosenworcel last week unveiled a draft proposal for FCC regulation of telecommunications sector cybersecurity.  The proposed Senate bill would call on the FCC, in collaboration with CISA and the Director of National Intelligence, to formulate specific security measures to prevent unauthorized interception of communications.  Also required by the legislation are annual safety tests and assessments by an outside auditor of company compliance with cybersecurity standards.  The Record   TechCrunch

Commerce finalizes $6.2 billion award to Micron for chip plant construction – An agreement to provide Micron Corp with almost $6.2 billion in Chips and Science Act subsidies was finalized by the Biden administration according to a Commerce Department announcement on Tuesday.  The funds will allow Micron to pursue semiconductor factory construction and expansion in Idaho and New York.  Micron is the only U.S. fabricator of high bandwidth memory (HBM) chips, which are critical for AI operations.  Micron plans to build a new factory in Idaho, where the company is headquartered, and two new plants in New York.  The construction program represents a $75 billion investment through the end of the decade, with the company committing to $50 billion in capital expenditures during that time.  In a related development, the Commerce Department said a preliminary agreement has been reached to award Micron up to $275 million to expand and modernize its facility in Manassas, Virginia to boost wafer production.  Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo said the Micron investment fulfills “one of the core objectives of the CHIPS program – onshoring the development and production of the most advanced memory semiconductor technology” in support of U.S. leadership in AI and U.S. economic and national security.  Bloomberg   Washington Post   Reuters

Russia tests ‘sovereign internet’ by disrupting online access in minority regions – Several Russian regions experienced a cutoff from the internet in what is described as a test of Russia’s “sovereign internet” infrastructure.  The internet disruptions, according to a U.S. think tank, were concentrated in areas populated by ethnic minorities, including Chechnya, Dagestan, and Ingushetia.  The outages in Dagestan reportedly persisted for almost 24 hours.  Users were unable to access foreign and local websites through regular online services and even virtual private networks could not connect.  According to Russian media and the Roskomnadzor media regulator, the tests of “sovereign internet” aimed to determine if Russian infrastructure ins prepared to sustain key internet services “in the event of intentional external interference.”  The U.S. Institute for the Study of War said the Russian media regulator probably singled out areas with Muslim-majority populations to determine if they could be disconnected from services like the Telegram messaging platform during periods of instability.  Russian authorities also announced last weekend that they may restrict domestic access to eight foreign hosting service providers "for failing to comply with their requirements."  Roskomnadzor alleged that data hosted on foreign provider servers "is not always protected from unauthorized access,” potentially jeopardizing “the confidentiality of user data and business security."  The Record   Cybernews

Large-scale hacking campaign targets popular file transfer technology – A vulnerability in another popular file transfer technology is being exploited by threat actors launching massive hacking attacks, according to researchers with the Huntress cybersecurity firm.  The vulnerability, which occurs in file transfer tools developed by the Cleo enterprise software company, could lead to remote code execution.  Cleo’s LexiCom, VLTransfer, and Harmony tools, which manage enterprise file transfers, are impacted by the flaw.  Although Cleo released a patch in October, Huntress researchers report that it does not mitigate the flaw.  Huntress has observed threat actors “exploiting this software en masse” since early December leading to the compromise of at least 24 corporate networks.  According to Huntress, those affected include “various consumer product companies, logistics and shipping organizations, and food suppliers.”  Huntress has not identified the threat actors behind the Cleo tool attacks and it is unknown if any data has been extracted.  However, another cybersecurity expert, Kevin Beaumont, in an online posting, links the new Termite ransomware gang to the Cleo data theft attacks.  Huntress did say it has observed “post-exploitation activity” by hackers after the compromise of targeted systems.  Cleo, in the meantime, has announced that a patch for the critical vulnerability is “under development.”  TechCrunch   BleepingComputer

Transition team lining up interviews for senior roles at Homeland Security, CISA – Brian Harrell, a former DHS assistant secretary for infrastructure protection, reportedly is under consideration for director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) or an appointment as DHS undersecretary of strategy, policy and plans.  Sources familiar with transition team interview plans said that Harrell recently visited Palm Beach for discussion of a DHS cyber role and has been invited to Mar-a-Lago for an interview in the next few weeks.  Matt Hayden, DHS’s former assistant secretary for cyber, infrastructure, risk and resilience, also has been mentioned as a candidate for a senior cyber role in the new administration.  The planned Mar-a-Lago interviews also include candidates for non-cyber positions at DHS such as immigration enforcement and the Transportation Security Administration.  According to Politico, the transition team is in touch with a small pool of candidates on possible interviews for “senior cybersecurity roles” at CISA.  The Record   Politico

Google quantum leader says new chip performance may indicate ‘multiverse’ — Google’s announcement on Monday of breakthrough performance by its Willow quantum computing chip was followed by a suggestion from Google’s quantum research leader that the speed of the chip “must have borrowed computational power from other universes.”  Google Quantum AI founder Hartmut Neven wrote that Willow’s computing achievement “lends credence to the notion that quantum computation occurs in many parallel universes, in line with the idea that we live in a multiverse.”  Skeptics note that Willow’s performance is based on Google’s own benchmark, which does not prove that multiverses exist.  However, other observers who claim credentials in the field of quantum physics argue that Neven’s suggestion is “more than plausible.”   TechCrunch

Google announces $20B renewable energy development for data center operations – Google has announced a deal with a renewable energy developer and an investment fund to develop carbon-free power capable of operating several gigawatt-scale data centers.  The total value of the agreement with Intersect Power and the TPG Rise Climate investment fund reportedly reaches $20 billion, with Intersect Power already financing the first project.  The concept for the new project envisions a hypothetical 1 gigawatt-scale data center matched with an equivalent amount of wind, solar, and battery storage, with capacity covering two to four hours.  Google and Intersect project the first phase to be operational by 2026 and fully completed by 2027, highlighting the speed at which renewable power can be deployed.  That aggressive pace should exert pressure on projects planned by nuclear power startups and developers, all of which have longer timelines.  The fastest nuclear project is Microsoft’s restarting of a reactor at Three Mile Island, which is scheduled to come online in 2028.  Google’s deal with small modular reactor startup Kairos projects a 2030 completion for the first of several power plants, while Amazon’s contract with SMR startup X-Energy projects into the early 2030s.  TechCrunch   Bloomberg

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Brad Christian, Ethan Masucol, Elaine Shannon, Brian Bonner, Ken Hughes & Katharine Campbell contributed to this report.

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