Report for Tuesday, January 21, 2025

THE TOP STORIES

Report for Tuesday, January 21, 2025

Trump: Putin Is ‘Destroying’ Russia By Failing To Seek Ukraine Peace Deal

Trump’s Day One border crackdown, as promised

Russia's Putin, China's Xi speak after Trump inauguration

Two Americans freed by Taliban in prisoner swap

Philippines arrests Chinese ‘sleeper agent’

CIPHER BRIEF EXCLUSIVES

Trump’s Panama Canal Claims. President Donald Trump has placed the Panama Canal in the spotlight of national security concerns, declaring the 1977 treaty ceding the canal to Panama a “foolish gift” and pledging to “take it back.” Trump falsely claimed that China operates the canal and accused Panama of overcharging U.S. vessels, which Panamanian officials attribute to El Niño-related droughts affecting transit costs. Experts Martin Petersen, Patrick Duddy, and Ryan Berg emphasize the canal's critical role in global trade and U.S. military strategy. They note the potential risks of Chinese investments in Panama’s infrastructure but confirm that Panama remains a U.S. ally. Panama’s President José Raúl Molino reaffirmed the canal's sovereignty and neutrality. Experts stress the importance of diplomacy in preserving U.S.-Panama relations amid rising Chinese influence in the region. The Cipher Brief

Opinion: Pete Hegseth’s Answers to Questions That Weren’t Raised in Public. Walter Pincus critiques Defense Secretary nominee Pete Hegseth’s qualifications and ambitious proposals under President Donald Trump’s administration. Hegseth supports Trump’s plan for a U.S. “Iron Dome” missile defense shield, despite its logistical and financial challenges. Pincus highlights Hegseth’s lack of experience in managing large organizations, particularly in shipbuilding, where he vows to revitalize U.S. naval strength against China. On nuclear policy, Hegseth prioritizes modernization to counter Russia and China, implying openness to expanding the U.S. nuclear arsenal. Pincus questions whether Hegseth can demonstrate the calm judgment and humility essential for the role. The Cipher Brief

Opinion: Another Inauguration – in Lebanon – Offers Hope for the Middle East. Emiile Nakhleh views the election of General Joseph Aoun as Lebanon’s president and Nawaf Salam as prime minister as milestones signaling potential stability and diminishing Hezbollah influence. Nakhleh highlights the military’s trusted role, the swift political transitions, and the broader regional context, including the fall of Syria’s Assad regime and Iran’s setbacks. However, he warns of persistent challenges such as Lebanon’s sectarianism, economic paralysis, and corruption. Nakhleh suggests U.S. engagement via economic and diplomatic support while avoiding military involvement, proposing initiatives like an economic reconstruction council and outreach to Israel to stabilize Lebanon’s southern border. The Cipher Brief

Opinion: Will the new administration bring new opportunity on Afghanistan? Dave Pitts argues that the U.S. must adopt a robust strategy for Afghanistan to address humanitarian, security, and political challenges. He recommends maintaining the non-recognition of the Taliban as Afghanistan's government while supporting legitimate political opposition to foster an inclusive future government. Pitts emphasizes coordinated international action to disrupt terrorism, ensure accountability for humanitarian aid, and deter Taliban exploitation. He highlights the need for a new U.S. special representative to lead these efforts and warns of resistance from the Taliban and interference from China, Russia, and Iran. Pitts stresses that inaction risks U.S. national security and regional stability. The Cipher Brief

THE UKRAINE UPDATE

Trump: Putin Is ‘Destroying’ Russia By Failing To Seek Ukraine Peace Deal. President Donald Trump criticized Vladimir Putin on Monday, saying the Russian leader is “destroying Russia by not making a deal” with Ukraine to end the war. Speaking in the Oval Office, Trump highlighted Russia’s economic struggles and battlefield losses, adding, “He’s grinding it out, but most people thought that war would have been over in about one week, and now you’re into three years. It is not making him look good.” He noted Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is willing to negotiate but questioned Putin’s willingness. "Russia is kinda in big trouble. You take a look at their economy. You take a look at their inflation in Russia. I got along with [Putin] great. I would hope he wants to make a deal.” Trump cited staggering casualty figures, claiming nearly a million Russian and 700,000 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed, adding, “That’s no way to run a country.”  Ukraine has  denied Trump's total, claiming it has lost 43,000 soldiers killed in action and 370,000 wounded. The Kremlin does not reveal its official number of casualties, but Ukraine estimates that, in 2024 alone, Russia lost 150,000 soldiers killed and more than 400,000 wounded. Despite promising to end the war in 24 hours, Trump has tempered his rhetoric and timetable. Analysts suggest Trump may pressure Putin by countering Kremlin interests globally. Meanwhile, French President Emmanuel Macron emphasized strengthening Ukraine. "Let us not delude ourselves," Macron said in an address to the French military. "This conflict will not be resolved tomorrow or the day after." RFE/RL NDTV Times of India The Straits Times

Putin Says Russia Is Open to Dialogue on Ukraine With Trump. Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed readiness to engage in dialogue with the new U.S. administration on Ukraine and nuclear arms. At a televised Security Council meeting on Monday, Putin congratulated Trump, commending his statements on restoring U.S.-Russia ties and averting World War III. “We are open to dialogue with the new US administration on the Ukrainian conflict,” Putin said. “Its goal should not be a short truce, not some kind of respite for regrouping forces and rearmament with the aim of subsequently continuing the conflict, but a long-term peace based on respect for the legitimate interests of all people and all nations that live in this region.” Analysts suggested Putin sees Trump’s presidency as a strategic opportunity. Moscow is expected to demand Ukraine renounce NATO ambitions and accept a neutral status. Trump has not detailed his approach. Bloomberg Reuters 

Rubio says Russia-Ukraine war ‘needs to end.’  Newly confirmed Secretary of State Marco Rubio on Monday emphasized the urgency of ending the Russia-Ukraine war, stating that “each side is going to have to give up something” in negotiations. Rubio underscored Russia’s role as “the aggressor” while acknowledging the complexities. “We want the war to end. That’s pretty clear,” he said. Rubio warned that achieving peace should be handled diplomatically, not in public forums. Regarding timing, he said it’s a top priority, “but it’s a complex conflict, and a bloody one, and it needs to end.” CNN

Davos attendees watch Donald Trump's inauguration at Ukraine House watch party.  At the World Economic Forum in Davos, attendees gathered at Ukraine House on Monday to watch Donald Trump’s inauguration as the 47th U.S. president amid uncertainty about his approach to Ukraine. Trump has criticized his predecessor Joe Biden’s financial and military aid to Kyiv. While previously promising to broker peace in Ukraine within 24 hours, Trump now cites a six-month timeline. Ukraine’s supporters in Davos emphasized opportunities for collaboration. Andrei Dligach urged Kyiv to position itself as a “new opportunity” for Trump, highlighting Ukraine’s strategic value and economic potential. Andy Hunder of the American Chamber of Commerce in Ukraine echoed this, noting the resilience of Ukraine’s business landscape, including major U.S. companies continuing operations. Trump’s stance has left Ukraine’s allies apprehensive, as Kyiv seeks battlefield gains to strengthen its negotiating position. Euronews

As the Trump era begins, Ukrainians are exhausted by war. As Donald Trump begins his second term, Ukrainians face deep exhaustion from the war with Russia, marked by fears of forced concessions and uncertainty over U.S. military aid. Along the 1,000-kilometer front line, Ukrainian soldiers endure relentless combat, with some expressing hope for more Western fighter planes to counter Russian airstrikes. Drone pilot "Hell" from the 113th Territorial Defense Brigade highlights morale struggles but draws inspiration from comrades who survived Russian occupation. The destruction of Vovchansk, once a symbol of triumph, now epitomizes the erosion of the national spirit. In Kyiv, student Anton Dubchak predicts a drawn-out peace process under Trump that may not favor Ukraine. Meanwhile, in Kharkiv’s bombed-out Saltivka district, pensioner Siria Shapovalova pleads for peace, saying, “It just can't go on like this.” Others, like civil servant Oleksandra Frolova, insist Ukraine must determine its future, skeptical of foreign leaders’ promises to end the war quickly. Reuters

Zelensky congratulates Trump on inauguration.  Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on Monday congratulated Donald Trump on his inauguration, expressing the hope that his presidency will bring positive changes. "Today is a day of change and also a day of hope for the resolution of many problems, including global challenges," Zelensky said. He voiced the optimism that the "peace through strength policy" announced by Trump would contribute to achieving a long-lasting and just peace. China Daily

Erdogan intends to discuss ending Russia’s war in Ukraine with Trump. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan called for a “just and lasting peace” in Ukraine during a press conference Monday with Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico. Erdogan reaffirmed Turkey’s commitment to this goal and announced plans to discuss the matter with U.S. President Donald Trump. Fico acknowledged Slovakia’s limited influence but emphasized supporting efforts to end the war. Kyiv Independent

Russia's primitive glide bombs are killing more civilians. Russian glide bombs, though primitive, continue to overwhelm Ukraine's air defenses, causing devastating civilian casualties. A Jan. 8 attack on Zaporizhzhia killed 13 and injured 122, marking the deadliest strike in two years. Glide bombs, cheaply modified Soviet-era munitions, are increasingly precise and can bypass Ukraine's advanced air defenses. In 2024, these weapons caused a threefold rise in fatalities and a sixfold increase in injuries compared to 2023. Russia's evolving glide bombs now threaten areas 90 kilometers from launch sites, extending their reach. Experts urge Ukraine's allies to accelerate F-16 deliveries to counter the bombers. Innovative defenses remain distant, leaving Ukrainian cities vulnerable. Kyiv Independent

Inside an Elite Ukrainian Unit’s Mission to Capture a North Korean Soldier. Ukrainian special forces recently captured a North Korean soldier in Russia’s Kursk region, marking the first confirmed detainment of North Korean troops fighting alongside Russian forces. The mission involved navigating a minefield and negotiating with the injured soldier, who initially threatened to detonate a grenade. Russia and North Korea have not acknowledged the deployment of an estimated 12,000 North Korean soldiers. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky later showcased the captured soldiers, proposing their return to North Korea in exchange for Ukrainian prisoners. Wall Street Journal

Ukraine detains two generals accused of negligence in defending against Russian offensive. Ukraine's State Investigation Bureau (DBR) detained two generals and a colonel for alleged negligence in defending Kharkiv during Russia's May 2024 offensive. The officers, including a former frontline commander, are accused of failing to prepare adequately, allowing Russian forces to advance several kilometers before being stopped 25 kilometers from Kharkiv. The assault prompted President Volodymyr Zelensky to dismiss military leaders and cancel foreign trips. Kharkiv, Ukraine's second-largest city, was a key target during Russia's 2022 invasion. The DBR collaborated with domestic intelligence, the defense ministry, and military command in the investigation, though the officers' names were not disclosed. Reuters

Commander of scandal-hit Ukrainian brigade detained, accused of failing to report desertions.  The commander of Ukraine's 155th "Anne of Kyiv" Brigade was detained on Monday for failing to address violations, including large-scale desertions, within his unit. The brigade, intended as a flagship project with foreign training and equipment from France and Germany, has faced severe organizational issues. Investigations revealed that most soldiers lacked experience, with over 1,700 reportedly going AWOL in 2024. Journalist Yurii Butusov highlighted chaotic management and inadequate recruitment,  further compounded by the reassignment of qualified personnel. If convicted, the commander faces up to 10 years in prison. The brigade remains deployed near Pokrovsk. Kyiv Independent

Ukraine's Defense Intelligence destroys locomotive in St. Petersburg. Ukraine’s Defence Intelligence (DIU) set fire to a locomotive at the Ruchi depot in St. Petersburg, used for transporting munitions and supplies to Russian forces, according to DIU officers. The fire destroyed the locomotive's control system, rendering it irreparable. This follows previous sabotage efforts targeting Russian rail logistics, including damaged locomotives in Moscow Oblast in December 2024 and a track explosion in Bryansk Oblast in 2023. Ukrainska Pravda

Ukraine says it's working on its own air defense systems, responding to new Russian missile. Ukraine is developing domestically-produced air defense systems to counter Russia’s new Oreshnik hypersonic missile, which travels at Mach 10 and was used to target industrial sites in Dnipro in November 2024. General Oleksandr Syrskyi announced the initiative, emphasizing the need for better air and missile defense capabilities. In 2024, Ukraine produced 30% of its military equipment domestically, with international partnerships boosting production. President Volodymyr Zelensky highlighted joint projects with manufacturers like Germany’s Rheinmetall. Meanwhile, the UK announced the Gravehawk air defense system, which adapts air-to-air missiles for ground use, complementing Patriots and NASAMS to enhance Ukraine's missile defense network. Business Insider

Putin’s torturers couldn’t break these Ukrainian prisoners. Ukrainian POWs, including Captains Yulian Pylypey and Serhiy Taraniuk, endured brutal torture in Russian captivity, facing beatings, electric shocks, and starvation. Captured during the defense of Mariupol in 2022, Pylypey spent 2½ years in prison, accused of fabricated war crimes, and subjected to relentless abuse aimed at breaking his will. Despite severe injuries, he resisted pressure to denounce Ukraine. Released in a September 2024 prisoner exchange, Pylypey and Taraniuk returned physically and mentally scarred, with many comrades still detained. Their resilience highlights the ongoing suffering of Ukrainian POWs and their unwavering commitment to their country. Wall Street Journal

Ukraine attacks Russian oil depot, aviation plant, command post overnight, military says. Ukrainian forces conducted overnight drone strikes on January 21, targeting Russia's Liskinskaya oil depot in Voronezh Oblast, the Smolensk Aviation Plant, and a command post in Donetsk Oblast. The oil depot, previously hit on January 16, suffered damage to fuel tanks, causing a fire. Explosions were reported at the Smolensk Aviation Plant, which produces Su-25 military aircraft. Additionally, Ukraine targeted the Russian 29th Combined Arms Army’s command post in Volnovakha. Russia intercepted 55 drones in the large-scale attack. Kyiv Independent

Ukraine's SBU detains chief military psychiatrist over suspected illicit enrichment. Ukraine's Security Service (SBU) detained the Armed Forces' chief psychiatrist, suspected of illicitly enriching himself by over $1 million during the ongoing war. The official, who also oversees military medical commission recruit evaluations, reportedly amassed undeclared assets, including luxury properties, cars, and land. Corruption allegations within military medical commissions have intensified scrutiny, following revelations about the ex-Odesa enlistment office chief's $4.5 million in assets. Reforms to address corruption are planned by November 2025. Kyiv Independent

ISW Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment for Monday, Jan. 20. Ukrainian Commander-in-Chief General Oleksandr Syrskyi said that Russian forces suffered over 434,000 casualties in 2024, including 150,000 killed in action. Russian President Vladimir Putin reiterated his willingness to negotiate with the United States but maintained demands for Ukraine’s full capitulation. Ukrainian forces reportedly struck the Gorbunov Aircraft Plant in Kazan, targeting Russia's military production capacity. Ukrainian strikes on Russia’s defense industrial base are degrading Russian combat capabilities and artillery usage. A Russian milblogger reiterated complaints  about inadequate quality control in Russian artillery shells.

Battlefield update: Russian forces advanced near Toretsk, Pokrovsk, and Kurakhove. Institute for the Study of War

Opinion: Trump sees peace in Ukraine as a deal but refuses to play his winning hand. Timothy Ash critiques Donald Trump’s transactional approach to peace in Ukraine, arguing it wastes significant leverage over Russian President Vladimir Putin. Trump’s reluctance to support Ukraine’s NATO membership, approve long-range missiles, or enhance aid weakens Kyiv’s security and emboldens Putin. Ash highlights that Russia needs peace more than the U.S. He warns that Trump’s concessions risk making Ukraine perpetually vulnerable, undermining European security and reconstruction. Ash urges Europe to take responsibility, proposing financial solutions and framing support as economically beneficial to appeal to Trump’s priorities. Kyiv Independent

THE AMERICAS

ANALYSIS–Trump faces stiff challenges delivering on his promised 'Golden Age.' President Donald Trump faces challenges in delivering on his promise of a "Golden Age of America" due to legal, logistical, and international obstacles. His immigration policies, including plans to end birthright citizenship and invoke the 1798 Alien Enemies Act, are expected to trigger protracted legal battles. Advocacy groups are preparing to challenge these measures. Trump's ambition to save TikTok faces hurdles. Internationally, his promises to solve the Ukraine war and reclaim the Panama Canal face skepticism, with unclear paths to success. Domestically, Trump's energy agenda, including declaring a national energy emergency to boost fossil fuel production, may face legal barriers tied to existing bans on drilling in federal waters. His space goals, such as sending a man to Mars, are similarly constrained by vast logistical challenges. Despite a conservative Supreme Court, Trump's agenda will likely face extensive resistance. Reuters

Trump Grants Sweeping Clemency to All Jan. 6 Rioters. President Donald Trump issued sweeping clemency on his first day back in office, pardoning nearly 1,600 individuals charged in connection with the Jan. 6, 2021, Capitol riot. He also commuted the sentences of 14 members of the Oath Keepers and Proud Boys, including leaders Stewart Rhodes and Enrique Tarrio. The clemency covered both nonviolent misdemeanors and violent crimes such as assaulting police officers and seditious conspiracy. Critics, including law enforcement and families of victims, condemned the move as legitimizing political violence and undermining accountability. While Trump supporters celebrated, public opinion remained divided, with strong Republican approval but widespread overall opposition. New York Times Washington Post Associated Press Reuters The White House CNN 

Trump’s Day One border crackdown, as promised. On Monday evening, President Donald. Trump took a series of actions aimed at closing U.S. borders to migrants and cracking down on undocumented people already inside the U.S. Immediately after Trump took office, his administration shut down an app linked to a government program that helped migrants make appointments to enter the U.S. through legal ports of entry.  About 30,000 migrants who had already made those appointments were left in a legal limbo. Trump declared a national emergency at the U.S.-Mexico border, signed an order bringing the military into immigration enforcement and ordered the Defense Department to devise a plan “to seal the borders and maintain the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and security of the United States by repelling forms of invasion.” The latter is likely to end up in courts, because it appears to violate a Reconstruction-era law, the Posse Comitatus Act, that bars federal troops from taking part in domestic police actions. Trump signed an order shutting down a task force to reunite families separated by his first term’s zero-tolerance policy and another order to withhold federal funds from local agencies that won’t cooperate with Immigrations and Customs Enforcement. He signed an executive order ending “catch and release,” the practice of releasing migrants into the United States on parole to wait for a court appearance after they cross the border. Trump also designated drug cartels as terrorist organizations.  New York Times CNN Reuters Associated Press 

Trump goes toe-to-toe with sanctuary cities over deportation as illegal immigration crackdown set to begin. President Donald Trump’s aggressive deportation plans are clashing with the staunch resistance of sanctuary cities like Chicago, Los Angeles, and Denver, which have doubled down on policies to obstruct federal immigration enforcement. In his inaugural address, Trump vowed to "halt all illegal entry" and deport "millions and millions of criminal aliens," marking immigration as a top priority of his administration. Trump’s border czar, Tom Homan, outlined plans for large-scale raids, stating, “We’re going to take the handcuffs off Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)” to enforce immigration laws unapologetically. Meanwhile, sanctuary city leaders have reaffirmed protections for migrants, with Denver Mayor Mike Johnston saying he’s prepared to go to jail in protest. The standoff underscores deep divisions over immigration policy and the balance between federal authority and local governance. Fox News

Pope Francis describes Trump’s mass deportation plans as ‘a disgrace’. Pope Francis criticized Donald Trump’s plans to deport undocumented migrants, calling them a "disgrace" and unfairly punitive. Speaking from the Vatican, he urged Trump to foster a society free of hatred, discrimination, and exclusion. The Pope highlighted the need for thoughtful migration policies, particularly in Europe, where declining populations could benefit from migrants. Addressing global conflicts, Francis lamented the difficulty of achieving peace, describing it as an "international drive towards self-destruction." BBC Politico Associated Press CNN 

A look at the migrants stranded at the U.S. border when thousands of CBP One appointments were scrapped. Just outside a string of border crossings in northern Mexico, the hope of thousands of migrants dissolved into shock and dejection on Monday as U.S. Customs and Border Protection announced the sudden cancellation of the CBP One app. The scrapping of the app, a tool that facilitated legal U.S. entry for 1,450 people a day at one of eight crossings, has left tens of thousands stranded and devastated. Its abrupt termination follow’s President Donald Trump’s return to office, and aligns with his campaign promises to tighten border controls. Migrants from countries like Venezuela, Haiti, and Mexico, many who had waited months for appointments, were left with no recourse. Some crossed just before the app shut down, while others, like Maria Mercado and Jairol Polo, expressed despair as their appointments, scheduled just a few hours later, were canceled. They sat on curbs on the side of the road, many crying, hugging, and praying. Now, shelters in Mexico are filled with individuals unsure of their next steps, while critics and supporters debate the impact of these policy changes on border security and humanitarian concerns. Associated Press 

Afghan refugees in limbo after Trump suspends refugee admissions. An executive order signed by President Trump Monday that suspends refugee admissions endangers thousands of Afghans who helped the American mission during the war there. Shawn VanDiver, the president of AfghanEvac, a coalition of more than 250 organizations that supports Afghan refugees, said Trump’s executive action will leave thousands of Afghan refugees into limbo by freezing their cases and preventing Afghans from boarding flights to the United States. New York Times

A Rundown of Trump’s Executive Actions, From Tariffs to Immigration.  Newly inaugurated U.S. President Donald Trump signed executive orders targeting immigration, energy, trade, and cultural issues, aiming to reverse Joseph Biden-era policies and fulfill campaign pledges. Key actions included pardoning over 1,500 individuals involved in the Jan. 6 Capitol attack, declaring a southern border emergency with plans to deploy troops and build a border wall, and seeking to end birthright citizenship. On energy, Trump announced expanded drilling, a review of climate policies, and withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. Trade measures included plans for establishing an “External Revenue Service” to collect tariffs. Additional directives addressed federal workforce policies, such as ending remote work and freezing hiring for most roles. Trump also reinstated vaccine objectors in the military and withdrew from the World Health Organization. Many of these actions are expected to face legal challenges.Bloomberg

Donald Trump threatens 25% tariff within days for Mexico and Canada. On Monday, in his first remarks from the Oval Office after his inauguration, U.S. President Donald Trump announced plans to impose 25% tariffs on imports from Mexico and Canada by Feb. 1, citing concerns over undocumented migration and drug trafficking. Trump described Canada as a “very bad abuser” and reiterated accusations against both nations for failing to curb the flow of fentanyl and migrants into the U.S. He warned the tariffs could extend until these issues are resolved. Trump hinted at a broader tariff policy but stated it was “not ready yet.” Both Canada and Mexico have threatened retaliatory measures. Financial Times Reuters Bloomberg

Canada says it is ready to respond if Trump follows through with tariffs. Canada is preparing to retaliate if President Donald Trump imposes proposed 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico starting February 1. Trump reiterated his tariff threat Monday, though an executive order delays a full report until April. Canadian Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly said efforts to prevent tariffs continue, while Finance Minister Dominic LeBlanc stressed Canada’s readiness to respond. With 75% of Canadian exports heading to the U.S., officials warned of economic impacts on both countries. Associated Press 

Trump pauses US foreign development aid for 90 days, orders review. U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order pausing U.S. foreign development assistance for 90 days to review its alignment with American foreign policy. Ukraine, which received over $17 billion in economic aid in 2023 amid its war with Russia, is among the top recipients of U.S. development assistance. However, the immediate impact of this pause on Ukraine remains uncertain, as the federal budget is determined by Congress. The order criticizes the U.S. foreign aid system as inconsistent with national interests, requiring all agencies to halt new obligations and disbursements pending efficiency reviews. Kyiv Independent

Russia warns Trump against snatching Panama Canal. At his inauguration on Monday,  President Donald Trump reiterated his intention to reclaim control of the Panama Canal, describing it as "vital to American interests." He criticized Panama’s management, saying, “American ships are being severely overcharged,” and raised concerns about Chinese operations, declaring, “We didn’t give it to China, we gave it to Panama, and we’re taking it back.” Trump also hinted at using military force if necessary. Panama’s President José Raúl Mulino rejected Trump’s claims, stating, “Every square meter of the Panama Canal is Panama’s and will remain so.” Russia also warned against U.S. interference, emphasizing Panama’s sovereignty. Trump’s comments have fueled nationalist sentiment in Panama, with some residents recalling the 1989 U.S. invasion. His statements follow earlier remarks labeling the 1977 treaty that ceded the canal to Panama as a mistake. The canal remains critical, handling 40% of U.S. container ship traffic. Politico EU MSN

Trump reiterates U.S. need to control Greenland for international security. On the first day of his second term Monday, President Donald Trump reiterated the U.S. need for control of Greenland, citing international security concerns. Trump has not ruled out using military or economic means to acquire the Danish autonomous territory. Greenland’s Prime Minister Mute Egede, advocating for independence, said the island is not for sale and its future is for its people to decide. Trump’s interest in Greenland has been evident since his reelection. Reuters

What could Trump’s actions against drug cartels mean for the future? President Donald Trump on Monday signed an executive order designating drug cartels as foreign terrorist organizations, citing their role in perpetrating violence, engaging in drug trafficking, and destabilizing the Western Hemisphere. The move targets Mexican cartels and other criminal groups like Venezuela’s Tren de Aragua and El Salvador’s MS-13. While specific groups were not named, recommendations are expected within 14 days. The order accused the cartels of not only conducting a “campaign of violence and terror” but also of flooding the U.S. with “deadly drugs, violent criminals, and vicious gangs.” Critics argue the designation may justify stricter immigration policies, including denying asylum to migrants who are forced to pay fees to cartels while traveling through Latin America. It also raises concerns about potential U.S. military intervention in Mexico, which Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum has adamantly rejected. Some experts, however, believe the designation’s impact on cartel operations will be limited, as many anti-terrorism tools are already used in counter-narcotics efforts. Mike Vigil, a former chief of the DEA’s foreign operations, argued that “this is nothing new . . . it’s all political theater.” Instead, Vigil said, the order could allow the U.S. to seize cartel assets, sanction affiliates, and block cartel members from entry. It would not allow Washington to send American troops into Mexico, which, Vigil reminded, would be an act of war.  The move comes amid escalating cartel violence in northern Mexico, marked by brutal infighting, advanced tactics like bomb-dropping drones, and expansion into new areas like migrant trafficking and the avocado trade. While some see the designation as political maneuvering, others, like families of cartel violence victims, hope it brings visibility and justice to those affected by Mexico’s ongoing violence. Associated Press Defense Once 

 Rubio confirmed as Hegseth and Ratcliffe pass key thresholds.On Monday, the Senate unanimously confirmed Marco Rubio as Secretary of State, making him the first member of President Donald Trump’s Cabinet. Rubio, a moderate Republican, pledged to uphold Trump’s "America First" vision, support allies like Israel and Taiwan, and adopt a more aggressive stance toward China while calling for concessions from both sides in Russia’s war on Ukraine. Pete Hegseth, nominated as defense secretary, narrowly advanced in the Senate Armed Services Committee despite controversies, while John Ratcliffe’s nomination as CIA director was approved by the Senate Intelligence Committee, with leaders urging swift confirmation. Both nominations will proceed to the full Senate for a vote this week.Washington Post

Trump orders US exit from the World Health Organization. President Donald Trump signed an executive order Monday for the U.S. to withdraw from the World Health Organization (WHO), citing its alleged mishandling of the COVID-19 pandemic and claims of political bias. The U.S., the WHO’s largest donor, will stop contributions and withdraw within a year, jeopardizing global health programs targeting diseases like tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. This move follows Trump’s 2020 efforts to exit the WHO, which President Joe Biden reversed upon taking office in 2021. The WHO denied bias allegations and continues seeking data on COVID-19's origins. Reuters CNN Reuters New York Times The White House  

Stefanik will face questions about wars and nukes at the confirmation hearing. Rep. Elise Stefanik, nominated as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, faces a Senate confirmation hearing on Tuesday. Likely topics include her limited foreign policy experience and support for Israel. Stefanik, a staunch ally of President Donald Trump, plans to address what she calls UN. antisemitism, citing criticism of Israel's actions in Gaza. Critics highlight her lack of diplomatic expertise, though her role on intelligence and defense committees may bolster her case. Associated Press Fox News 

‘He is power’: billionaires line up for Donald Trump’s inauguration. Donald Trump’s second inauguration highlighted his deepening ties with billionaires, with prominent figures like Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, and Tim Cook in prime seats. Many had once opposed Trump but now support him, reflecting a shift in corporate alignment. Musk, who pledged $250 million to Trump’s campaign, delivered a speech promising a "golden age" and drew controversy with gestures likened to a fascist salute. The inauguration also featured global business leaders like Bernard Arnault and Mukesh Ambani, alongside billionaire cabinet nominees such as Howard Lutnick and Scott Bessent. Critics, including Steve Bannon, condemned the display of corporate influence, calling tech leaders “oligarchs.” Financial Times

Trump’s inauguration was first attended by foreign leaders. Donald Trump’s inauguration marked the first in U.S. history to include foreign leaders. Among the notable attendees were Argentine President Javier Milei, Italian Premier Giorgia Meloni, and Paraguayan President Santiago Peña. Milei, a vocal supporter of Trump’s economic policies, attended inaugural events and highlighted his hopes for stronger U.S.-Argentina relations. Meloni, a key European ally, was seen as a bridge between the U.S. and Europe. Chinese President Xi Jinping sent Vice President Han Zheng, while Taiwan dispatched a legislative delegation. Georgian opposition leader Salome Zourabichvili also attended, emphasizing Georgia’s pro-Western stance. Far-right French figures like Eric Zemmour and Marion Maréchal attended. Ecuador’s Daniel Noboa also joined the ceremony. The presence of conservative leaders underscored Trump’s focus on strengthening ties with allies who share his policy priorities. Associated Press

Trump moves to suspend clearances of ex-intelligence officials who signed letter on Hunter Biden laptop. President Donald Trump announced an executive order on Monday to suspend the security clearances of 50 former intelligence officials, including James Clapper and John Brennan, who signed a 2020 letter suggesting Hunter Biden’s laptop story was a "Russian information operation." Legal experts anticipate potential court challenges. Critics argue the action deviates from standard clearance protocols requiring due process. Trump revoked Brennan's clearance in 2018, citing politicization of intelligence against him. Associated Press

Trump executive order on free speech draws criticism. President Donald Trump signed an executive order Monday aimed at restoring free speech and ending censorship. Critics argue the move is hypocritical, citing Trump's history of suing critics, threatening journalists, and labeling media as “enemies of the people.” The White House accused the previous Biden administration of pressuring social media companies to suppress dissenting views, while experts, including former United Nations free speech rapporteur David Kaye, dismissed the order as symbolic, noting existing legal protections for speech. Trump’s own social media bans, stemming from the Jan. 6, 2021 Capitol attack, further highlight the controversy around his stance.  Reuters

Mexico Is Getting Ready for Trump. Here’s What’s Different This Time.  Mexico is bracing for Donald Trump’s return to the presidency as he threatens tariffs, deportations, and military strikes on cartels. President Claudia Sheinbaum has adopted a mix of conciliation and assertiveness, vowing retaliatory tariffs while addressing Trump’s concerns by expanding migration deterrence and seizing fentanyl. Mexico’s economic ties with the U.S. have deepened since Trump’s first term, with the country now America’s top trading partner. However, vulnerabilities remain, including dependence on remittances. Falling migration and fentanyl deaths offer leverage, but cartel violence persists, fueling Trump’s rhetoric on military action. Mexico also seeks to counter China’s influence in trade, positioning itself as vital to U.S. efforts to compete globally.  New York Times

80 killed in Colombia’s deadliest wave of violence since peace accords. More than 80 people were killed and 11,000 displaced in Colombia's Catatumbo region over four days of clashes between the National Liberation Army (ELN) and the Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC) splinter group, delivering a blow to President Gustavo Petro’s “total peace” initiative. The violence, stemming from control over strategic smuggling routes near Venezuela, forced many to flee to Cúcuta or across the border. Petro, who suspended negotiations with the ELN, declared, “The ELN has chosen the path of war, and war will come.” Analysts warn the conflict undermines Petro’s strategy and may erode U.S. support, especially under the Trump administration’s scrutiny of the ELN’s links to Venezuela. More than 1 million people have died in Colombia’s decades-long conflict and more than 8.8 million have been displaced from their homes. New York TimesWashington Post Associated Press 

EUROPE

Russia's Putin, China's Xi speak just hours after Trump inauguration. Hours after Donald Trump’s inauguration as the 47th U.S. president, Russian President Vladimir Putin held a video call with Chinese President Xi Jinping to discuss expanding their strategic partnership. Putin emphasized the strength and independence of Russia-China ties, unaffected by global pressures, and praised their alignment on major global issues. Xi echoed this sentiment, calling for new heights in their relationship. Putin highlighted China as Russia’s main trading partner, with bilateral trade reaching $245 billion in 2024, driven by energy exports. Both leaders advocated a multipolar world order and criticized Western dominance, underscoring shared geopolitical interests amid U.S. efforts to counter them. Trump, meanwhile, pledged to confront China and urged Putin to negotiate an end to Russia’s war on Ukraine, labeling it destructive for Russia. The Russia-China partnership continues to deepen as both nations challenge U.S. global influence. South China Morning Post Reuters 

Wake up and spend more on defense, Macron tells Europe as Trump takes office. On Monday, President Emmanuel Macron called on Europe to increase defense spending and reduce reliance on the U.S. for security. Shortly before Donald Trump’s inauguration, Macron warned of scenarios where the U.S. might shift military resources away from Europe, urging European nations to exceed NATO’s 2% GDP defense target. He emphasized that increased spending should strengthen Europe’s defense industry, fostering collaboration and developing “European champions” in arms production. Macron also highlighted the need to ensure Ukraine’s security in future peace negotiations, stressing Europe’s responsibility to safeguard its stability and prepare for evolving geopolitical challenges.Associated PressPolitico EU 

Norway cool on Trump’s demand for a massive defense spending increase. Despite increasing defense spending, Norway has pushed back on U.S. President Donald Trump’s call for NATO members to allocate 5% of GDP to their militaries. Defense Minister Bjørn Arild Gram highlighted Norway's plan to raise spending to 3% of GDP by 2030, citing significant challenges in achieving the 5% target. Norway's military budget rose €1.6 billion this year, marking its largest post-1950s increase. Key investments include a €20–30 billion frigate procurement program, Norway's largest defense acquisition. Given economic fluctuations influenced by oil production, Gram emphasized that spending as a percentage of GDP doesn’t fully capture defense capability.Politico EU

Divided EU relieved to avoid Donald Trump’s tariffs. European leaders expressed relief as Donald Trump, in his inauguration speech, avoided announcing specific tariffs on the European Union, despite pledging to "tariff and tax foreign countries" and withdrawing from the Paris climate agreement. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, the only European Union leader invited, positioned herself as a mediator between the EU and Trump, emphasizing the importance of U.S.-Europe dialogue. Right-wing leaders, including Hungary’s Viktor Orbán and Poland’s Andrzej Duda, praised Trump’s return, seeing it as a boost for nationalist policies. EU officials like Valdis Dombrovskis warned of retaliation if tariffs target Europe, emphasizing the significance of EU-U.S. trade ties. NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte pledged increased defense spending, aligning with Trump’s demand for higher NATO contributions. However, divisions within the EU remain on funding defense initiatives. Pro-EU voices, such as Guy Verhofstadt, criticized the bloc’s preparedness for Trump’s leadership, warning of potential challenges to European interests. Financial Times

Trump Again Calls for EU to Buy More US Energy to Avoid Tariffs. On Monday, U.S. President Donald Trump urged the European Union to purchase more American oil and gas to avoid tariffs. “The one thing they can do quickly is buy our oil and gas. We will straighten that out with tariffs, or they have to buy our oil and gas,” Trump said. He signed executive orders to lift offshore drilling bans, revoke Biden-era LNG project freezes, and declare a national energy emergency. Trump proclaimed, “We are going to make a lot of money from energy. We have more than anyone else.” Bloomberg

Trump’s gas boom pledge is good for Europe. If he can deliver. Donald Trump’s pledge to boost U.S. energy production and flood Europe with gas has drawn mixed reactions. Trump plans to expand liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports, reduce regulatory barriers, and increase fossil fuel output, aiming to help Europe reduce reliance on Russian energy. However, industry experts caution that production increases could take years as companies prioritize profitability over rapid expansion. While European industries welcome potential relief from high energy costs, some officials express concerns about creating a new dependency on U.S. energy under an unpredictable administration. The European Union remains wary of relying heavily on a single supplier, balancing energy security with its decarbonization goals.Politico EU

Trump Inauguration Draws Leaders From Europe’s Right. European politicians attending Donald Trump’s inauguration included Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, a Trump ally who shares his anti-immigration stance and recently met with him at Mar-a-Lago. Éric Zemmour, a controversial French far-right figure, planned to attend alongside a delegation from France's National Rally, though its leaders Marine Le Pen and Jordan Bardella were absent. Germany was represented by Jürgen Hardt of the CDU/CSU and Tino Chrupalla of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD). From the UK, former Prime Minister Liz Truss and Nigel Farage, a Trump supporter and Reform U.K. leader, were expected. Notably, Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orban, a Trump admirer, was not invited, as confirmed by Hungarian officials. New York Times

Moldova ready to pump gas to Russian-backed separatists amid humanitarian crisis. Moldova is preparing to supply gas to Transnistria to alleviate a humanitarian crisis after Gazprom cut off Russian fuel over disputed debts. The move marks a significant shift for the breakaway region, traditionally reliant on free Kremlin-provided gas, and offers Moldova a chance to strengthen control. Transnistria’s leader, Vadim Krasnoselsky, confirmed his willingness to accept supplies via Moldova’s Moldovagaz. Moldovan officials stressed ensuring compliance with European Union energy regulations and preventing Moscow from exploiting the arrangement to maintain influence. The European Union, which granted Moldova candidate status, has urged Transnistria to accept non-Russian fuel to resolve its energy and social crisis. Politico EU

Romanian far-right presidential candidate leads in polls ahead of May vote. Romanian far-right pro-Russian presidential candidate Calin Georgescu leads with 38% support ahead of a re-run election on May 4, according to an Avangarde poll. The election was annulled last month by Romania’s top court, citing allegations of Russian interference benefiting Georgescu, which Moscow denies. Georgescu, a NATO critic who has praised 1930s fascist leaders, faces competition from pro-European candidate Crin Antonescu (25%) and Bucharest Mayor Nicusor Dan (17%). Romania’s role as a NATO member and key ally of Ukraine, including grain exports and military aid, adds geopolitical stakes to the election. Reuters

U.K.’s Starmer says Southport killings reveal new sort of terrorism threat. British Prime Minister Keir Starmer on Tuesday asserted that the brutal murder of three young girls at an event in Southport last July highlights a new terrorism threat in the U.K., involving lone actors inspired by online content. The perpetrator, 18-year-old Axel Rudakubana, pleaded guilty to the murders, which sparked days of riots. Starmer noted that while traditional threats from organized groups like al Qaeda persist, a growing danger comes from individuals motivated by online material and extreme violence for notoriety. He compared the attack to school shootings committed in the U.S., and stated that London’s terrorism laws might be revised if necessary to address this evolving threat. Reuters Barron's The Guardian 

MIDDLE EAST

Is Hamas back? Hamas militants reappeared on Gaza’s streets shortly after the recent ceasefire, signaling efforts to restore their authority. The ceasefire followed 15 months of intense fighting, during which Hamas endured heavy losses, including key commanders. While Gaza’s devastation is immense, with over 47,000 deaths reported, Hamas has resumed basic governance tasks like restoring order and clearing rubble. Critics argue their reemergence reflects both Israel’s lack of postwar planning and Hamas’s resilience. “Gaza is destroyed, but Hamas is still on its feet,” said Avi Issacharoff, an Israeli Middle East analyst and co-creator of the television show Fauda. “The reason for that is the lack of interest by the Israeli government to discuss any other option for an alternative regime in Gaza. Civilians remain divided: some welcome restored order, while others resent the destruction tied to Hamas’s actions. Rebuilding remains a colossal challenge, hindered by destroyed infrastructure and limited funding prospects. Financial Times

Trump cancels Biden sanctions on Israeli settlers in West Bank.  President Donald Trump on Monday cancelled sanctions imposed by the former Biden administration on far-right Israeli settler groups and individuals accused of  violence against Palestinians in the occupied West Bank. Extremist Israeli settlers have been acting with growing violence by against Palestinians in the West Bank. The Biden team believed the violence and land grabs by settlers set back hopes for a two-state solution between Israelis and Palestinians.  Trump disagrees.  Reuters Haaretz Times of Israel Jerusalem Post Walla News

Trump reported ready to resume sending 2,000-pound bombs to Israel. President Donald Trump is expected to lift the Biden administration's freeze on a shipment of 2,000-pound bombs to Israel, Walla News reported on Monday. It cited an interview with the Israeli envoy to Washington. Reuters

Hamas still has power over Gaza. Hamas remains firmly in control of Gaza. Israel has failed to remove Hamas from power as it insisted it must.  That failure makes more fighting probable, with no assurance Hamas could be obliterated in another round of carnage. That was evident when dozens of masked Hamas fighters made a public show of handing over three hostages.  Thousands of Hamas-run police in uniform popped up across Gaza.  The Hamas-run government said Monday it will coordinate distribution of promised aid to the people of Gaza. Associated Press

UN says 915 aid trucks entered Gaza Monday. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said 915 aid trucks entered the Gaza Strip Monday on the second day of the Israel-Hamas ceasefire.   On Sunday, the U.N. said 630 aid trucks entered the Palestinian enclave, with at least 300 of them going to the north, whose people are near famine. Qatar sent  25 fuel trucks to Gaza Monday, and the Qatari foreign ministry said 12.5 million litres of fuel are expected to enter Gaza over the first 10 days of the truce.  Reuters BBC Al Jazeera Times of Israel 

Gazans searching for 10,000 people under rubble on day two of ceasefire. Palestinians began searching Monday for thousands of Gazans missing and possibly buried under rubble, as residents viewed with horror the devastation wrought by 15 months of war. "We are searching for 10,000 martyrs whose bodies remain under the rubble," said Mahmoud Basal, spokesperson of the Palestinian Civil Emergency Services. Reuters Associated Press 

Yemen’s Houthis pledge to limit attacks in the Red Sea corridor to Israeli ships. Yemen's Houthis will limit their attacks on commercial vessels to Israel-linked ships provided the Gaza ceasefire is fully implemented, the Humanitarian Operations Coordination Center (HOOC) said. The Sanaa-based HOCC, which liaises between Houthi forces and commercial shipping operators and is associated with the Houthi military, said it was stopping "sanctions" against vessels owned by U.S. or British individuals or entities, as well as ships sailing under their flags.  Associated Press Al Jazeera Reuters 

Mother of missing journalist Austin Tice says Trump team offered help in search. The mother of American journalist Austin Tice, missing in Syria since 2012, said Monday during a visit to Damascus that the incoming Trump administration has offered to help find her son or determine his fate. Debra Tice said, “I have great hope that the Trump administration will sincerely engage in diligent work to bring Austin home,” Debra Tice said. She added, Trump’s “people have already reached out to me. I haven’t experienced that for the last four years,” she said. Debra Tice she met with Syria’s new leader, Ahmed al-Sharaa, expressing hope for progress in her son’s case after Bashar al-Assad’s ouster. Tice, in Damascus for the first time since 2015, found optimism in al-Sharaa’s promise to assist families of the disappeared. Despite no new information, she said felt renewed determination amid Syria’s changing leadership. U.S. officials believe Austin Tice remains captive.  Associated Press Washington Post NPR BBC New York Times

ASIA & OCEANIA

Two Americans Freed by Taliban in Prisoner Swap. The Biden administration secured the release of two Americans, Ryan Corbett and another unnamed individual, in a prisoner swap with the Taliban. In exchange, the U.S. freed Khan Mohammed, a Taliban member serving two life sentences for drug trafficking. Corbett’s family praised the efforts of both the Biden and Trump administrations, as Corbett had been detained since 2022 while working on a microlending business in Afghanistan. Despite the success, two Americans, Mahmoud Habibi and George Glezmann, remain captive. Negotiations for broader exchanges involving Habibi or Glezmann had been rejected by the Taliban. Wall Street Journal

Xi Dodges Early Trump Tariffs, Buying China Time to Influence US. President Donald Trump refrained from imposing immediate tariffs on China despite campaign promises to levy steep duties. Speaking at the White House after his inauguration on Monday, Trump emphasized addressing “unfair trade practices” globally and investigating China’s compliance with the Phase One trade deal, setting an April 1 deadline for a report. He stated, “We’re going to have meetings and calls with President Xi,” adding that he’d been invited toy China. While Trump said he would enact tariffs on Mexico and Canada on Feb. 1, his delay on China provided Beijing temporary relief. Chinese stocks rose, and the yuan held gains. However, Trump warned of potential 100% tariffs if ByteDance didn’t comply with ownership changes for TikTok. Analysts noted Trump’s organized approach may compel Xi Jinping to make concessions, particularly as tensions persist over trade deficits, Taiwan, and South China Sea disputes. Xi, aware of Trump’s unpredictability, is unlikely to underestimate future challenges. “Trump’s a wrecking ball and it’s impossible to predict what direction he’ll swing in,” said Dominic Meagher, deputy director and chief economist of Australian think tank the John Curtin Research Centre. Bloomberg

Drone Makers Looking to Steer Clear of China Fear Beijing’s Wrath.  China’s dominance in the global drone supply chain has driven U.S. companies to seek alternatives, with Taiwan positioning itself as a key player in creating a "democratic supply chain." Taiwan is investing $1.35 billion over four years to bolster its drone industry, focusing on domestic production and collaboration with U.S. companies like Skydio. However, fears of Chinese retaliation and higher costs challenge this transition. Taiwan's expertise in semiconductors and tech offers potential, but China's control over critical components remains significant. Geopolitical tensions continue to complicate efforts to diversify away from China. Wall Street Journal

Manila’s arrest of Chinese ‘sleeper agent’ triggers concerns of widespread espionage.  The Philippines has arrested a Chinese national suspected of carrying out espionage activities targeting military and critical infrastructure. Deng Yuanqing, a specialist linked to China's PLA Army Engineering University, was detained alongside two Filipino companions in Makati City last week. Authorities recovered equipment capable of gathering and transmitting sensitive military data, including coordinates and topographic details. The group reportedly surveyed key sites, including EDCA (Enhanced Defence Cooperation Agreement) locations shared with U.S. forces, as well as airports, seaports, power facilities, and malls. Deng, who cybercrime chief Jeremy Lotoc described as a “sleeper agent,” may have been staying in the Philippines for five years. Analysts suggest that this incident highlights China's covert operations in the Philippines, as the superpower engages in efforts to exploit weaknesses in cyber and physical security amid rising tensions over the South China Sea. Experts warn of ongoing hybrid warfare, including cyber espionage and disinformation, and urge Manila to strengthen its national ID system, cybersecurity, and laws against espionage. The arrest follows a recent diplomatic meeting where Manila criticized China's activities in its exclusive economic zone. Analysts believe the incident will deepen mistrust between the two nations. South China Morning Post Reuters

‘It’s a win’: Philippines, China uphold South China Sea deal on resupply missions. The Philippines and China have agreed to uphold a provisional deal allowing Philippine resupply missions to the Second Thomas Shoal, reached during the 10th bilateral consultation mechanism meeting in Xiamen. While hailed as a "win" for Manila, tensions persist. Days before the talks, the Philippines protested the presence of China’s massive coastguard ships near its coast, citing violations of its exclusive economic zone. Analysts urge Manila to maintain its South China Sea stance amid ongoing Chinese incursions, including in contested areas like Scarborough Shoal. South China Morning Post   

South Korea on alert, promotes denuclearisation after Trump calls North Korea a ‘nuclear power.’ U.S. President Donald Trump's recent reference to North Korea as a "nuclear power" may signal his intention to revive dialogue with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, according to experts. Shortly after his second-term inauguration, Trump stressed his past rapport with Kim, saying, “We got along. I think he will be happy to see I'm coming back." This unusual acknowledgment of Pyongyang’s nuclear status, which violates the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, diverges from the long-standing U.S. goal of denuclearization and raises speculation about a shift toward negotiating nuclear arms reduction. Experts believe Trump's remarks aim to pave the way for renewed talks, positioning Washington as open to dialogue in exchange for North Korea curbing military provocations. However, such a move could effectively end decades of denuclearization efforts, sparking concerns in South Korea about its security and potentially fueling calls for its own nuclear program. On Tuesday, the South Korean defense ministry asserted that denuclearization of Pyongyang must continue to be the objective needed for global peace. Yonhap News Agency Reuters Korea Herald The Korea Times 

South Korean leader Yoon makes first appearance at controversial impeachment trial.  Embattled South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol appeared at his impeachment trial at the Constitutional Court for the first time on Tuesday, stressing his commitment to "liberal democracy" and requesting the court's favorable consideration. Yoon, who is currently suspended from office and being held in custody, faces charges of insurrection and abuse of power over his failed declaration of martial law last month. He denied that he’d ordered special forces troops to storm parliament in order to paralyze the legislature, or hinder it from blocking his martial law bid, telling the court that “parliament and news media are far more powerful than the president” in South Korea. His lawyers asserted that he had intended to warn the public of abuses allegedly committed by the opposition Democratic Party; lawyer Cha Gi-hwan maintained that the "decree was intended simply to establish the format of martial law and never intended to be executed.” Cha also rejected the idea that Yoon had demanded the arrest of certain members of parliament who had butted heads with the president, dismissing the testimony of  military commanders involved in the incident. Yoon's attendance marks the first time a sitting president has appeared at their own impeachment trial. Outside the court, hundreds of supporters rallied with signs declaring the impeachment invalid, and 4,000 more gathered at a nearby conservative rally backing Yoon. Police ensured security around the court, and one protester was apprehended for assaulting an officer. This public appearance was Yoon's first since imposing martial law. Yonhap News Agency Reuters The Korea Herald  

Japanese Prime Minister expresses hopes for ‘enduring’ Tokyo-Washington ties. Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba on Tuesday congratulated U.S. President Donald Trump on his second-term inauguration and expressed a desire to strengthen the Japan-U.S. alliance, particularly in ensuring a "free and open Indo-Pacific." Ishiba aims to hold a summit with Trump in February to establish a baseline for bilateral relations. Japanese Foreign Minister Takeshi Iwaya, meanwhile, met with Indian and Australian officials to reinforce Quad cooperation against China's regional assertiveness. South China Morning Post 

Pakistan’s largest airport, financed by Beijing as part of its Belt and Road Initiative, is now operational. Pakistani officials on Monday announced that its largest airport, located in Gwadar, Balochistan and funded by China, has officially become operational. Built at a cost of $230 million as part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, the airport can handle 400,000 travelers annually and accommodate various aircraft for domestic and international routes. The inaugural flight from Karachi marked its opening, and was attended by Pakistani Defense Minister Khawaja Mohammad Asif and Chinese officials. Gwadar, a focal point of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, also houses a deep seaport constructed by Beijing to secure direct access to Arabian Sea shipping lanes. The airport's completion, previously delayed due to militant and separatist attacks targeting Chinese workers, aims to boost Pakistan's economy, attract investment, and promote development in the restive region. However, the project has faced opposition from ethnic Baloch separatists who accuse China and Pakistan of exploiting local resources. Despite tensions, officials see the airport as a key driver of regional prosperity and economic growth. Associated Press 

Childcare centre set aflame in latest antisemitic incident in Australia, as government bolsters efforts to contain attacks. Australian authorities are intensifying efforts to address a rise in antisemitic crimes following repeated incidents of arson and vandalism. A childcare center near a synagogue in Maroubra, Sydney, was torched and spray-painted with anti-Jewish graffiti on Tuesday, marking the latest in a series of attacks since the Israel-Hamas war began in October 2023. These attacks have targeted synagogues, homes, cars, and Jewish community hubs. New South Wales (NSW) Police has bolstered Strike Force Pearl, which focuses on antisemitic crimes in Sydney, and launched Operation Shelter to enhance community safety. Since its inception, over 180 arrests have been made, with 40 individuals charged with antisemitic offenses. Associated Press Reuters Australian Broadcasting Corporation 

AFRICA

Rights group accuses Congo’s army, rebel group of possible war crimes. Amnesty International accused Congo's army and M23 rebels of potential war crimes, citing over 150 attacks on densely populated areas in eastern Congo between January and July last year. These attacks killed over 100 civilians and displaced more than 237,000 people since January 2025. Amnesty called for International Criminal Court investigations. M23 advances have intensified, capturing key areas in mineral-rich eastern Congo, where ongoing conflict involving over 100 armed groups has displaced over 7 million people. Rwanda denies backing M23.  Associated Press Amnesty International 

South Sudan says 16 Sudanese nationals killed in last week's unrest. On Monday, South Sudan police announced that 16 Sudanese nationals were killed during riots last week, sparked by anger over alleged ethnically targeted killings in Sudan’s El Gezira region. The unrest occurred Thursday and Friday, with protesters accusing Sudan's military and allies of involvement. Authorities imposed a dusk-to-dawn curfew and arrested 24 suspects. Police pledged to protect Sudanese citizens, while Sudan’s army condemned “individual violations” after being accused of targeting civilians linked to the Rapid Support Forces. Reuters 

Investigating magistrate appointed in Belgium in Congo conflict minerals case. Belgium has appointed an investigating magistrate following criminal complaints by the Democratic Republic of the Congo alleging Apple subsidiaries used conflict minerals in their supply chain. Congo, a key source of 3T minerals, has seen artisanal mines linked to severe human rights abuses. Apple denied the claims in December, stating suppliers were instructed to avoid sourcing these minerals from Congo or Rwanda. Congo’s lawyers welcomed Apple’s response with "satisfaction and caution." The investigation will determine any potential offenses. Reuters

Nigeria death toll from fuel truck blast reaches 98. The death toll from Saturday's fuel truck explosion in Dikko, northern Niger State, Nigeria, has risen to 98 after additional bodies were recovered on Monday. The blast occurred when locals attempted to collect fuel from an overturned truck. Emergency officials buried 80 victims in a mass grave over the weekend, with 69 others receiving treatment. Such incidents are frequent in Nigeria, where soaring fuel costs have followed President Bola Tinubu’s 2023 removal of a petrol subsidy. Reuters VOA Associated Press

Illegal mining ringleader escaped during South Africa disaster with help from officers, police say. A suspected illegal mining ringleader, James Neo Tshoaeli, known as “Tiger,” escaped custody with police assistance after being rescued from a disused South African gold mine where 87 miners died and 246 were rescued. Authorities accuse Tshoaeli of torture and hoarding food underground, contributing to deaths. The mine, rife with illegal mining, had been under police standoff since August. Investigations are ongoing to trace officers who assisted his escape and locate additional possible bodies underground. Associated Press Deutsche Welle Reuters The Guardian 

Tuareg rebels in Mali free Spanish hostage. Gilbert Navarro, a Spanish man who was kidnapped in North Africa on January 17, has been freed by the Tuareg rebel alliance Azawad Liberation Front (FLA) in northern Mali. The man was reportedly abducted in southern Algeria by an Islamist group and transported to Mali. The FLA announced Navarro's release on Monday, stating he was in good health and would spend the night under their protection before being transferred to Algerian authorities. The Spanish Foreign Ministry confirmed the kidnapping but has not commented on the release. This incident occurs amid ongoing tensions between Spain, Morocco, and Algeria over the Western Sahara, a territory previously controlled by Madrid and now disputed by Rabat and the Algeria-backed Polisario Front seeking independence. Reuters 

CYBER, TECH & MARKETS

US share of global foreign direct investment surges to record. The United States has reached a record high in its share of global foreign direct investment (FDI), attracting 14.3% of announced greenfield projects in the 12 months to November 2024, up from 11.6% in 2023. This surge, driven by robust consumer demand, government incentives, and low energy costs, underscores the U.S.’s economic momentum compared to Europe and China. The value of U.S. FDI projects rose to $227 billion, with sectors like semiconductors, renewable energy, and aerospace benefiting from initiatives such as the Chips Act. China’s FDI projects dropped to under 400, near historic lows, while Germany’s fell to 470, the lowest in 18 years. Experts attribute this to geopolitical tensions, supply chain realignments, and Europe’s high energy costs. Meanwhile, U.S. companies initiated fewer overseas projects, reflecting the impact of industrial policies encouraging domestic production. Despite the uncertainty surrounding Donald Trump’s policies, economists expect the U.S. to remain a global investment hub. Financial Times

How are global markets reacting to Trump's return to office? Global markets experienced volatility as the U.S. dollar rebounded on Tuesday following President Donald Trump's return to the Oval Office. While Trump delayed imposing promised tariffs on Canada and Mexico, he renewed threats of 25% duties starting February 1, citing issues like illegal immigration and fentanyl trafficking. This uncertainty affected currencies like the Mexican peso and Canadian dollar, while U.S. stock futures gained slightly, and European equities dipped. Market analysts highlighted the heightened sensitivity to trade-related announcements, drawing parallels to Trump's first term. Investors anticipate volatility as tariffs could impact global growth and trade. While Trump held off on targeting China, speculation continues about potential tariff delays or negotiations with Beijing, which might influence market sentiment and Chinese economic policy. Analysts remain cautious but see opportunities for positive surprises, such as a potential U.S.-China economic agreement. Despite concerns, some experts view Trump’s pragmatic approach as a possible counterbalance to extreme tariff measures that might drive inflation in the U.S. Overall, markets are bracing for a dynamic policy environment under a second GOP term. Reuters 

Chinese ministry signals flexibility on TikTok by supporting ‘independent’ company decisionmaking. In a reversal of China’s previous position, the country’s Foreign Ministry said Monday that companies can make their own decisions on acquisitions and operations.  Earlier, Beijing indicated that it would block a forced sale of TikTok.  The ministry statement followed President Trump’s suggestion that U.S. and Chinese parties could reach a 50-50 split of TikTok ownership.  Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said any deal should comply with Chinese regulations.  She added that, “for such actions as corporate operations and acquisitions, we always believe that they should be decided independently by companies based on market principles.”  TikTok resumed U.S. operations after closing down for about 14 hours over the weekend.  A possible connection that could lead to a resolution of the TikTok issue is the relationship between Zhang Yiming, the TikTok founder and holder of a 21 percent equity stake in parent company, ByteDance, and Elon Musk.  The two tech entrepreneurs reportedly spoke last year after Congress moved closer to passing a law banning the platform. Musk has made clear his opposition to the TikTok ban and maintains regular contacts with Chinese officials.  Musk met over the weekend with Chinese Vice President Han Zheng, an attendee at the inauguration.  According to sources, Chinese officials have discussed including investments from trusted figures like Musk in TikTok’s U.S. operations. Wall Street Journal  South China Morning Post  South China Morning Post Reuters

U.S. legal experts, politicians pose challenges to quick resolution of TikTok standoff. Resolution of the TikTok issue may not be as simple as an agreement between government officials or tech platform owners.  President Trump indicated his decision to issue an executive order to extend the implementation of the TikTok ban, as is permitted by the U.S. law.  However, legal experts point out that the provision for a 90-day extension requires that TikTok’s parent company, ByteDance, must be making progress toward selling the app.  Carl Tobias, a law professor at the University of Richmond, said that without following the requirements surrounding an extension, the president may not be able to halt enforcement of the law, adding “you just can’t have a system of government where the president says, ‘Congress has overwhelmingly passed this and I’m going to ignore that.’”  Sarah Kreps, director of Cornell University’s Tech Policy Institute, noted that the law established by Congress takes precedence over an executive order.  There are political complications as well with figures from both parties voicing reservations about proposed solutions.  Two Republican senators – Tom Cotton and Pete Ricketts – said in a statement on Sunday that “there’s no legal basis for any kind of ‘extension’ of its effective date.  For TikTok to come back online in the future, ByteDance must agree to a sale that satisfies the law’s qualified-divestiture requirements by severing all ties between TikTok and Communist China.”  A Democratic congressman, Rep. Frank Pallone, took his own shot at the Chinese firm, saying that “is trying to play the victim, but it has nobody to blame but itself.  ByteDance has had 270 days to sell TikTok, but they’ve been fighting it since day one because they refuse to give up Communist China’s chokehold on Americans’ data.” Cybernews

Amid new U.S. AI export restrictions, China forms $8.2 billion AI investment fund. Following on the heels of U.S. actions to expand curbs on semiconductor exports to China and adding more Chinese firms to its trade blacklist, Beijing has established a $8.2 billion National AI Industry Investment fund.  The new AI fund was created as a joint venture of two state-backed entities, the Guozhi Investment (Shanghai) Private Equity Fund Management and the China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund (CICF) Phase III.  CICF Phase III, which is known as the “Big Fund,” was launched last May and is China’s largest chip investment fund.  The Chinese Ministry of Finance, along with the state-owned China Development Bank Capital and Shanghai Guosheng Group, a state-asset manager, led the group of 19 equity investors. South China Morning Post

China’s Tiangong space station reports breakthrough in onboard oxygen, fuel creation. Experiments carried out aboard China’s Tiangong space station have produced oxygen and components for rocket fuel, two resources that are described as vital for extended exploration of space.  The Shezhou-19 crew has carried out the world’s first demonstration of artificial photosynthesis technology, using a drawer-shaped device equipped with semiconductor catalysts to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and generate ethylene, which can be used to produce rocket fuel.  The China Manned Spaceflight (CMS) website described tests of technologies critical to human survival in space, including “carbon dioxide conversion at room temperature and the precise control of gas and liquid flows in microgravity.”  In addition to generating oxygen and carbon-based fuels, the Tiangong device “collected valuable data on gas-liquid-solid multiphase chemical processes in a microgravity environment.”  CMS described the testing device as an innovation that is establishing China as a leader of sustainable space technologies for long-term survival and resource independence.  South China Morning Post

New ‘Trump, Melania’ meme coins surge in crypto markets, raise ethical concerns. The newly created “meme coins” established by Donald and Melania Trump – known as $TRUMP and $MELANIA – reached a peak of $10 billion and more than $1 billion, respectively, in market value.  Trump launched the digital token with an image of his attempted assassination in July.  CDC Digital, a Trump business affiliate, described the cryptocurrency is an "an expression of support for, and engagement with, the ideals and beliefs embodied by the symbol '$TRUMP.'"  The website for the Trump and Melania tokens indicated that they were not intended to be an “investment opportunity, investment contract, or security of any type.”   The release of the meme coins raised some concerns.  Justin D'Anethan, an independent crypto analyst, said "while it's tempting to dismiss this as just another Trump spectacle, the launch of the official Trump token opens up a Pandora's box of ethical and regulatory questions."  D’Anthean added that Trump’s coin "blurs the lines between governance, profit and influence." The interest generated by the meme coins propelled a wider rally in cryptocurrency prices amid hopes that Trump will fulfill a promise to be a "crypto president" by reducing regulations and promoting digital asset ownership.  Grzegorz Drozdz, a crypto market analyst, noted that "meme cryptocurrencies, like these, are prone to large fluctuations and we generally consider them as speculative assets."  Reuters  South China Morning Post

Pro-crypto members of new administration include Vance, cabinet nominees. Members of the Trump administration figure prominently among those promoting the cryptocurrency sector, including Vice President Vance and nominees for top government positions.  In addition, the new White House is the first to appoint a “crypto czar.”  Cybernews has provided an outline of the crypto advocates in the administration, led by Vance, who while in the Senate promoted crypto legislation while making personal investments in bitcoin estimated at $250,000–500,000.  Treasury Secretary-nominee Scott Bessent has described bitcoin as a freedom technology and the future of finance.  Bessent also has said he opposes the idea of a U.S. central bank digital currency, arguing there is no need for that form of money.  The nominee to head up the Commerce Department, Howard Lutnick, describes crypto assets as an important new asset class.  He has compared bitcoin favorably to gold or oil, noting that "when you truly understand bitcoin, it's hard to see it any other way.”  Bo Hines, who will head up the president’s Council of Advisers for Digital Assets, also known as the “Crypto Council touts cryptocurrency as "the epitome of individual empowerment in finance" and has argued for a hands-off regulatory approach in order to promote the sector’s growth. Cybernews

OpenAI CEO squashes rumors that company has built artificial general intelligence. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman has taken to X to dampen rumors that the AI startup has achieved artificial general intelligence (AGI).  In his online post, Altman wrote, “Twitter hype is out of control again. “We are not gonna deploy AGI next month, nor have we built it.”  Altman teased some “cool stuff” soon to come from the company but appealed to readers to trim their expectations by “100x.”  An online writer known as Gwern Branwen posted last week that OpenAI was on the verge of a breakthrough, pointing to observers growing excitement over “the improvement from the original 4o model to o3 (and wherever it is now!).  …It’s like watching the AlphaGo Elo curves: it just keeps going up… and up… and up…”  In a blog post earlier this month, Altman suggested the first AI agents may “join the workforce” as soon as this year, with the possibility of “superintelligence in a few thousand days.”  Altman added that “we’re pretty confident that in the next few years, everyone will see what we see.” Cybernews

DoD digital chief credits AI with accelerating, improving commanders’ decisionmaking. According to the Pentagon’s chief digital and AI officer, while AI is not being employed as a lethal weapon, the military is gaining a “significant advantage” through the technology in identifying, tracking, and assessing threats.  Dr. Radha Plumb told TechCrunch that AI is contributing to the acceleration of the "kill chain…so that our commanders can respond in the right time to protect our forces.”  According to Plumb, the complex system of sensors, platforms, and weapons involved in the kill chain is being bolstered by the use of generative AI for planning and strategizing phases.  Referring to new commercial contributors to DoD’s development of AI, which includes OpenAI, Anthropic, and Meta, Plumb said “we’ve been really clear on what we will and won’t use their technologies for.”  Plumb downplayed the idea that AI will be making life-and-death decisions, noting that such thinking is “too binary.”  Instead, she described the military’s use of AI systems as a human-machine collaboration with oversight by senior operators.  “People tend to think about this like there are robots somewhere,” Plumb said, “…and humans just check a box.  That’s not how human-machine teaming works, and that’s not an effective way to use these types of AI systems.” TechCrunch

OpenAI’s latest model will change the economics of software. OpenAI's new AI model, o3, launched with claims of revolutionary reasoning capabilities but sparked debate over its costs and utility. Unlike earlier models, o3 excels at complex tasks by increasing computational effort, as shown in its success on François Chollet’s ARC challenge. However, this “test-time compute” approach raises costs significantly, with some queries estimated at $3,000. OpenAI’s pricing strategy now targets high-paying users, straining the low-cost model of software distribution. Competition from Google’s Gemini 2.0 Flash and others, alongside reliance on AI chip suppliers like Nvidia, could fragment the market, limiting monopolistic dominance. OpenAI's leadership remains strong but unproven commercially. The Economist

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Brad Christian, Ethan Masucol, Elaine Shannon, Brian Bonner, Ken Hughes & Katharine Campbell contributed to this report.

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