Open Source Report for Monday, April 21, 2025

THE TOP HEADLINES

Report for Monday, April 21, 2025

Hegseth accused of sharing military details in second Signal chat with wife, brother, lawyer

Trump Administration Draft Order Calls for Drastic Overhaul of State Department

Kyiv Is On the Clock to Respond to Trump Plan to End Ukraine Conflict

Iran, US task experts to design framework for a nuclear deal, Tehran says

China's U.S. envoy urges end to trade war, but warns Beijing ready to fight

CIPHER BRIEF EXCLUSIVES

Leveraging AI in ‘No-Fail Mission’ for U.S. Intelligence. Vice Admiral Frank Whitworth, Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), discussed how the agency is integrating artificial intelligence to improve its geospatial analysis capabilities. Unlike facial recognition tasks with clear visuals, NGA’s challenge involves identifying very small, often hidden objects in vast satellite imagery. AI and machine learning help speed up this process, with the agency reducing latency by 80% over the past year. NGA is also expanding its role into space intelligence, working closely with the U.S. Space Force. It uses commercial partnerships, such as Project Egger, to enhance maritime awareness. Whitworth also addressed NGA’s work in the Arctic, focused on navigation and strategic monitoring. He emphasized the growing importance of “multimodal” systems that combine visual data, location, and text inputs to improve identification accuracy. While humans still train and validate the models, AI is becoming more central to NGA’s missions, including targeting, warning, and counter-narcotics support. The Cipher Brief

Opinion: By Land, Sea and Air, U.S. Military Faces Cyber Threats to Mobility. Rear Admiral (Ret.) Mark Montgomery and Annie Fixler, both senior leaders at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies’ Center on Cyber and Technology Innovation, warn that U.S. military mobility is dangerously vulnerable to cyber threats. They argue that in a major conflict, the U.S. military will rely heavily on civilian infrastructure—such as rail, ports, and air systems—for rapid deployment. Adversaries like China, they note, are already exploiting cyber vulnerabilities in these sectors through operations like Volt Typhoon, capable of surveillance and disruption. Montgomery and Fixler call for urgent investment, regulatory harmonization, and robust public-private collaboration to improve cybersecurity resilience. Their recommendations include funding grant programs, upgrading GPS systems, and conducting joint cyberattack readiness exercises. The authors stress that delaying action could severely undermine national defense, especially if adversaries use cyberattacks to block or slow U.S. military deployments in future conflicts. The Cipher Brief

THE AMERICAS

Three Hegseth aides ousted in leak investigation decry ‘baseless attacks.’ Three senior aides to Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth—Dan Caldwell, Colin Carroll, and Darin Selnick—were ousted amid a Pentagon leak investigation and issued a joint statement decrying “baseless attacks” and lack of clarity around the probe. The controversy follows reports of potential leaks involving Elon Musk and classified China war plans. The Pentagon hinted at polygraph use in the investigation. The dismissals come alongside broader upheaval under the Trump administration, which includes purging diversity-related content and the firing of top military leaders. Former Pentagon spokesman John Ullyot also resigned, though the Pentagon claims he was asked to step down.  Associated Press Washington Post Reuters 

Former Pentagon spokesperson describes ‘month from hell’ at Department of Defense. In an unusual first-person opinion piece published Sunday by Politico Magazine, John Ullyot, formerly chief Pentagon spokesman, wrote what many in national security circles will see as a devastating critique of Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth’s leadership. “It’s been a month of total chaos at the Pentagon,” Ullyot wrote. “From leaks of sensitive operational plans to mass firings, the dysfunction is now a major distraction for the president — who deserves better from his senior leadership…it’s hard to see Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth remaining in his role for much longer.” Ullyot, who resigned from the Pentagon last week and wrote that he declined offers of other positions in the building, was a senior communications adviser on President Donald Trump’s 2016 campaign, then worked on communications at the National Security Council and the Department of Veterans Affairs in Trump’s first term. In his Politico piece, he suggested that three senior Hegseth staffers were fired Saturday on trumped-up charges. He accused unnamed “Defense Department officials working for Hegseth” of trying to “smear the aides anonymously to reporters,” claiming they were fired for leaking sensitive information as part of an investigation ordered earlier this month.” Yet, Ullyot wrote, “none of this is true.” Listing a series of embarrassments, starting with the Signal group chat in which Hegseth revealed to others, including a journalist, details of an imminent U.S. attack on Houthi positions, Ullyot asserted, “The president deserves better than the current mishegoss at the Pentagon. Given his record of holding prior Cabinet leaders accountable, many in the secretary’s own inner circle will applaud quietly if Trump chooses to do the same in short order at the top of the Defense Department.” Politico Bloomberg

Hegseth accused of sharing military details in second Signal chat with wife, brother, lawyer.  Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth shared detailed information about imminent U.S. strikes on Houthi positions on March 15 in a Signal group chat with about a dozen people, including his wife, brother and personal lawyer, the New York Times reported Sunday.  That chat was reported to be separate from another Signal chat that day that accidentally included the editor of The Atlantic.  In both chats, Hegseth discussed flight schedules of F/A-18 Hornet warplanes that were about to fire on the Houthis in Yemen, the Times reported.  Hegseth’s wife, Jennifer is a former Fox News producer.  His brother Phil Hegseth and his personal lawyer Tim Parlatore both have jobs in the Pentagon, but apparently unrelated to the U.S. campaign against the Houthis in Yemen. The second Signal chat, disclosed for the first time Sunday, was created by Hegseth, was called “Defense | Team Huddle,” and was made on Hegseth’s private phone, the Times reported. That chat included two senior advisers to Mr. Hegseth — Dan Caldwell and Darin Selnick — who were accused of leaking and were fired Saturday. In a statement, Anna Kelly, a White House spokeswoman, said, “No matter how many times the legacy media tries to resurrect the same nonstory, they can’t change the fact that no classified information was shared.”  New York Times CNN The Guardian Reuters 

Trump Administration Draft Order Calls for Drastic Overhaul of State Department. A draft executive order from the Trump administration proposes a sweeping overhaul of the U.S. State Department, aiming to cut costs and align diplomatic efforts with the president’s foreign policy vision. The plan would eliminate major offices, including those focused on Africa, climate change, democracy, human rights, and refugee issues. Sub-Saharan Africa operations would be drastically reduced, with most embassies closed and replaced by a small envoy office focused on counterterrorism and resource extraction. The foreign service exam would be scrapped, with new hires evaluated on loyalty to President Donald Trump’s policies. The structure would shift from geographic bureaus to four regional “corps,” and artificial intelligence would be used for policy drafting and planning. Numerous layoffs, buyouts, and embassy closures are planned, along with the end of Fulbright and diversity fellowship programs. Secretary of State Marco Rubio dismissed the report as “fake news,” and according to the New York Times, a white house official said the report was not true, though current and former officials confirm the memo's circulation and internal debate. New York Times

Breakdown in US-China Relations Raises Specter of New Cold War. U.S.-China relations are deteriorating rapidly, with both countries enacting aggressive trade and economic measures that experts warn may escalate into a full-blown Cold War. Unlike the more cautious approach of previous years, recent developments have seen the U.S. and China impose sweeping trade restrictions within months, alongside rising cyber tensions and strategic maneuvering. President Trump has pushed for deeper economic decoupling, suggesting countries choose between the U.S. and China, while Xi Jinping is retaliating and courting allies, especially in Southeast Asia and Europe. China’s appointment of a tough U.S. critic as chief trade negotiator signals a more confrontational stance. Communications between the two powers have broken down, with both sides floating third-party intermediaries to avoid direct engagement. Security concerns, especially around Taiwan and Indo-Pacific stability, are also intensifying. U.S. export controls and Chinese cyber capabilities may further fuel confrontation. Analysts warn the trade war could soon expand into military, diplomatic, and technological arenas. Wall Street Journal

Trump and Xi are locked in a standoff over direct trade negotiations. President Donald Trump’s insistence on direct talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping is stalling progress toward resolving the escalating U.S.-China trade war. Trump has blocked informal diplomatic outreach and delayed appointing an ambassador or lead negotiator, freezing backchannel efforts. While Beijing appears open to dialogue, it resists a direct leader-to-leader meeting that could risk Xi’s public image. Former U.S. officials and business leaders have offered to help bridge the gap, but the White House has shown little interest. The standoff persists as tariffs rise and economic tensions deepen, with both sides awaiting the other to make the next move. Politico

Drones pose a mounting risk to airlines close to U.S. airports. Drone-related near-collisions with airliners are rising sharply, posing serious risks near major U.S. airports. An Associated Press report found drones accounted for nearly two-thirds of near midair collisions at the top 30 busiest airports in 2024—the highest since 2020. The Federal Aviation Administration has imposed rules and tested countermeasures, but enforcement remains difficult. Experts urge stronger actions, like mandatory geofencing and automated drone tracking. Some drone users have been arrested, highlighting the urgent need for tighter regulation and accountability to prevent potentially catastrophic accidents.  Associated Press  

Sensitive documents, including White House floor plans, improperly shared with thousands. An internal investigation has revealed that sensitive documents — including White House floor plans and financial details — were improperly shared with over 11,000 General Services Administration (GSA) employees via Google Drive, dating back to early 2021. The incident spans both the Biden and Trump administrations, reflecting a pattern of poor digital document management. Many files were labeled “controlled unclassified information” (CUI), and some could be edited by any GSA staff. While it's unclear if any were classified, experts say such data should have been tightly restricted. The GSA’s IT team has since locked down access, and the investigation is ongoing. Washington Post

U.S. Supreme Court temporarily blocks deportations of Venezuelan migrants under wartime law. The U.S. Supreme Court temporarily halted the Trump administration’s deportation of Venezuelan migrants under the 1798 Alien Enemies Act, a rarely used wartime law. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) argued the deportations violated due process by denying migrant’s judicial review. Some detainees had already been bused for removal, prompting emergency appeals. The Trump administration, asserting broad executive authority, defended the deportations as lawful and vowed to proceed. President Donald Trump said he'd authorize deportations of "bad people," citing voter support for strict immigration policies. The case raises serious constitutional questions about executive power and detainees’ rights to challenge their removal. Reuters Associated Press BBC 

Trump Endorses Covid ‘Lab Leak’ Theory on Government Websites About the Virus. The Trump administration has officially updated government Covid websites to promote the theory that the virus originated from a laboratory leak in Wuhan, China. The revised Covid.gov and Covidtests.gov pages claim prior statements by officials like Dr. Anthony Fauci were misleading, accusing him of promoting a natural-origin narrative. The pages cite Wuhan’s virology lab and alleged biosafety lapses, aligning with conclusions by the FBI, Energy Department, and CIA—though all with low confidence. The update revives a politically charged debate that critics say Trump previously used to deflect blame. The site also criticizes the WHO and former Governor Andrew Cuomo’s pandemic policies. Wall Street Journal Associated Press USA Today 

Canada PM Mark Carney vows deeper deficit to fund defense and infrastructure. Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney has unveiled a Liberal Party platform promising deeper deficits to fund income tax cuts, boost infrastructure, and reduce reliance on the U.S. economy. The plan projects a C$62.3 billion deficit this year and C$129.2 billion in new spending over four years. Key initiatives include defense, housing, trade diversification, and a C$20 billion tariff redistribution. While the Liberals lead in polls, the plan would worsen Canada’s fiscal position and abandon earlier debt-to-GDP targets. South China Morning Post

Border Crossings Grind to Halt as Trump’s Tough Policies Take Hold. Illegal crossings at the U.S.-Mexico border have dropped to their lowest levels in decades under President Trump’s administration, driven by tighter enforcement, troop deployments, and the shutdown of asylum pathways like the CBP One app. Migrant shelters in Mexico are thinning out, and fear of deportation to harsh prisons like El Salvador’s CECOT is acting as a deterrent. Although mass deportations haven’t materialized, the administration's hardline rhetoric and visible crackdowns have signaled a policy shift. Border arrests fell from 250,000 in one month under former President Joe Biden to around 7,000 in March. Experts warn crossings could rise again if regional economies falter. Wall Street Journal

Inside the ‘Tropical Gulag’ in El Salvador Where U.S. Detainees Are Being Held. Senator Chris Van Hollen was denied access to El Salvador’s Terrorism Confinement Center (CECOT) prison, where U.S. deportee Kilmar Armando Abrego Garcia had been held under the Trump administration’s aggressive deportation policy. CECOT, intended initially as a rehabilitation center, is now a massive, high-tech “megaprison” associated with President Nayib Bukele’s harsh gang crackdown. Rights groups report detainees live in extreme isolation, deprived of legal access, books, and communication, and endure harsh, inhumane conditions. Though Salvadoran officials claim improved standards for U.S.-sent detainees, experts warn of systematic abuses. Critics call CECOT a “tropical gulag,” with a prison design centered on punishment over rehabilitation. New York Times

Bukele Proposes Deal That Would Free Deported Venezuelans. El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele has proposed a prisoner swap with Venezuela: he would repatriate all 252 Venezuelans deported to El Salvador by the U.S. in exchange for the release of 252 political prisoners held by the Maduro government, plus nearly 50 foreign detainees, including Americans. Many of the deported Venezuelans reportedly lack criminal records. Venezuela’s President Nicolás Maduro previously condemned El Salvador's detention of Venezuelans as "kidnapping." Bukele emphasized that his country holds no political prisoners, only gang affiliates, and framed the proposal as a humanitarian deal. Maduro had not responded publicly as of Sunday evening. New York Times Reuters 

Ecuador warns of potential assassination attempt against President Noboa. Ecuador's government has issued a high-alert warning following intelligence of a suspected assassination plot against recently re-elected President Daniel Noboa, though no evidence was provided. The Interior Ministry claimed potential threats also included terrorist attacks and protests. Noboa, who won by over a million votes against leftist Luisa González, has gained support for his tough stance on organized crime amid rising violence. Authorities blame “criminal structures” and political opponents for the threats. An unverified military intelligence report suggests foreign hitmen may have entered Ecuador post-election. González, disputing the election’s legitimacy, denounced the claims as a tactic to suppress opposition voices. Associated Press

White House to impose visa restrictions on more than 250 Nicaragua government officials. The U.S. will impose visa restrictions on over 250 Nicaraguan officials linked to President Daniel Ortega's government, citing widespread human rights abuses and a “system of repression." On Friday, Secretary of State Marco Rubio said this move brings the total number of sanctioned officials to over 2,000. Ortega and his wife, co-president Rosario Murillo, are accused by UN experts of running a repressive regime that controls all branches of government. The crackdown follows mass protests in 2018 that left over 350 dead. The Nicaraguan government has dismissed the allegations as part of an international smear campaign. Meanwhile, U.S. human rights policies have also faced criticism. The Hill Reuters U.S. Department of State 

Three Haitian soldiers killed in gang ambush near Port-au-Prince. At least three Haitian soldiers were killed on Sunday in an apparent gang ambush near Port-au-Prince, in the town of Kenscoff, an area that recently fell under intense attack by the gang coalition Viv Ansanm. The soldiers were reportedly traveling in an unarmored vehicle when heavily armed men attacked them. The Haitian government has praised the fallen soldiers as national heroes and defenders of sovereignty, stating that their sacrifice will not be forgotten. Videos on social media showed the aftermath of the brutal ambush, with soldiers retrieving bodies from the truck. Associated Press   

THE UKRAINE UPDATE

Kyiv Is on the Clock to Respond to Trump Plan to End Ukraine Conflict. The Trump administration has proposed a controversial plan to end the war in Ukraine, urging Kyiv to consider major concessions to Russia. In a confidential meeting in Paris on Thursday, U.S. officials suggested Ukraine could accept Russia’s 2014 annexation of Crimea and agree to stay out of NATO. The plan also includes a potential U.S. role in overseeing the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant and outlines a cease-fire along current front lines. Ukraine is expected to respond at a follow-up meeting in London this week. The proposals face strong resistance, as they reverse longstanding U.S. policy and fall short of Russia’s broader territorial claims. While the Trump team claims the plan is just a set of options, Kyiv remains wary. Secretary of State Marco Rubio has warned that talks may be paused without quick progress. Meanwhile, Ukraine demands mutual cease-fire guarantees, and Russia continues pushing for the removal of U.S. sanctions and renewed economic ties. Wall Street Journal

Trump Says US to ‘Take a Pass’ If Russia or Ukraine Balk on Deal. President Trump signaled in an Oval Office press briefing Friday he may abandon efforts to end Russia’s war on Ukraine if no deal emerges soon: “If one of the two parties makes it very difficult, we’re just going to say, you’re foolish… we’re going to just take a pass.” He added, “I know when people are playing us… and I have to see an enthusiasm to want to end it.” Trump reiterated his desire for a “swift, peaceful resolution,” while Secretary of State Rubio warned that a deal must emerge “in a matter of days.” Trump also said a critical minerals deal with Ukraine is expected by April 24. Bloomberg

ANALYSIS–Trump Administration Bolsters Putin With Hint of Abandoning Ukraine Talks. The Trump administration’s suggestion that it might abandon Ukraine peace efforts has raised concerns that the U.S. is effectively bolstering Vladimir Putin. Secretary of State Marco Rubio warned the U.S. could “move on” if no progress is made within days, echoing Trump’s Oval Office remark: “You’re fools… we’re going to just take a pass.” Critics, including Fiona Hill, argue Trump is sidelining Ukraine to pursue direct deals with Russia—his long-preferred approach. A contentious February meeting with President Volodymyr Zelensky marked a breakdown in U.S.-Ukraine relations, while Vice President JD Vance’s optimism seems disconnected from Trump’s tone. A minerals deal with Ukraine may proceed, but arms and intelligence support appear to be waning. The ultimate goal, some suspect, is normalization with Moscow—even as Trump aides dismiss Putin’s territorial ambitions. Experts warn any such thaw would be unstable, as Putin remains wary of the West and reliant on alliances with China, Iran, and North Korea. New York Times

How Trump backed away from promising to end the Russia-Ukraine war in 24 hours. President Donald Trump has significantly walked back his campaign pledge to end the Russia-Ukraine war “in 24 hours” upon returning to office. Since becoming president again, both Trump and members of his administration have acknowledged the complexity of the conflict. Trump has shifted from promising swift resolution to calling for an “immediate ceasefire” and suggesting controversial proposals, like U.S. control over Ukrainian power plants. Tensions have emerged in his dealings with both President Volodymyr Zelensky and President Vladimir Putin, including a canceled minerals deal and a contentious Oval Office meeting. Trump now frames his original 24-hour claim as “sarcastic,” emphasizing instead his desire to achieve peace quickly, but without clear timelines. As a new round of talks approaches in London, the administration faces a decision: whether to continue engaging or move on, citing stalled negotiations and other U.S. priorities. Associated Press 

US Open to Recognizing Crimea as Russian in Ukraine Deal. The United States, under President Donald Trump, is reportedly open to recognizing Russian control of Crimea as part of a broader peace agreement between Moscow and Kyiv. The proposal, discussed in Paris, would freeze current frontlines, keep Ukraine out of NATO, and ease sanctions on Russia. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky strongly rejected territorial concessions, saying, “We will never consider Ukrainian lands as Russian.” U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio acknowledged Ukraine’s right to security guarantees but stressed urgency. Trump warned that if talks stall, “we’re going to just take a pass.” Further negotiations with European allies are planned in London next week. Bloomberg CNN

US Offers to Ease Sanctions on Russia in Ukraine Peace Proposal. The United States has proposed a peace plan to allies that would ease sanctions on Russia in exchange for a lasting ceasefire in Ukraine. The deal, presented in Paris, would freeze the current frontlines, leave Russian-occupied Ukrainian territories under Moscow’s control, and rule out NATO membership for Ukraine. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio warned the U.S. could “move on” if no progress is made within days, while Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy rejected any territorial concessions, stating, “We will never consider Ukrainian lands as Russian.” Talks will continue in London, but divisions remain, particularly over sanctions and security guarantees. Bloomberg

Ukraine and Russia accuse each other of violating Easter truce. Ukraine and Russia both accused each other of violating a brief Easter ceasefire announced by Russian President Vladimir Putin from Saturday evening to Sunday night. Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky claimed Russian shelling and drone attacks increased during the truce, calling it a PR move lacking real peace intent. Ukraine recorded more than 3,000 violations. Russia, meanwhile, alleged over 1,000 Ukrainian ceasefire violations. Multiple explosions were reported in Russian-controlled Donetsk on Sunday. Russian state agencies TASS and RIA noted at least three blasts after 9 a.m. Despite limited aerial attacks overnight, both sides reported skirmishes, drone activity, and civilian casualties. Zelensky reiterated a call to extend the ceasefire to 30 days, aligning with a prior U.S. proposal. Ukrainian forces pledged restraint unless attacked, while Putin warned his troops would respond to provocations. CNN  Wall Street Journal Reuters

Ukraine Calls for Full Cease-Fire as Russian Attacks Continue. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called for a genuine 30-day cease-fire after Russia continued attacks despite President Vladimir Putin’s Easter truce announcement. Zelensky accused Russia of simulating peace for political gain, particularly to appeal to the Trump administration, which has threatened to abandon mediation efforts. Ukrainian forces reported ongoing shelling, drone strikes, and infantry assaults, while Russia claimed Kyiv violated the truce. Putin attended an Easter service shortly after announcing the cease-fire. Ukraine accepted a prior U.S.-proposed cease-fire, but Russia rejected it. Meanwhile, deadly airstrikes have killed civilians in Kryviy Rih and Sumy, highlighting ongoing hostilities despite public cease-fire gestures. Wall Street Journal

US wants Putin to extend Easter truce beyond Sunday, State Department says. The United States has urged Russian President Vladimir Putin to extend his 30-hour Easter ceasefire in Ukraine into a full 30-day truce. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky made a similar offer, stating Ukraine would observe a ceasefire as long as Russia did. However, Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov said Putin has no plans to extend it. The U.S. first proposed a 30-day ceasefire in March during talks in Saudi Arabia, which Ukraine accepted. Russia rejected it, demanding a halt to foreign military aid. European leaders called Putin’s move a “media stunt,” while Ukrainian soldiers reported continued attacks. Kyiv Independent

The real strategy behind Russia’s sudden truce announcement. Russian President Vladimir Putin’s sudden, unilateral announcement of a 30-hour Easter cease-fire is widely seen as a cynical gesture aimed at appeasing the Trump administration, which recently threatened to abandon peace efforts without clear progress. Analysts viewed the truce as logistically unworkable and more about propaganda than genuine diplomacy. Without coordination or preparation, the cease-fire saw confusion, continued violence, and mutual blame. CNN

ANALYSIS–Putin’s ‘truce’ is no peace deal — so what next for Ukraine? Vladimir Putin’s Easter ceasefire offer was a symbolic move aimed at shaping perception rather than halting the war. While claiming to seek peace, Moscow, Washington, Kyiv, and Brussels have all hardened their positions, creating a four-way diplomatic standoff. Russia seeks not just a settlement over Ukraine, but a broader reordering of European security. The U.S. appears increasingly ambivalent, with President Donald Trump hinting at walking away from negotiations unless swift progress is made. Ukraine, adapting to this reality, has agreed to a resource deal with the U.S. despite lacking security guarantees. Meanwhile, Europe remains firm in support of Kyiv but often at odds with Washington’s evolving stance. Behind the scenes, a possible deal is being shaped: Russia keeps its occupied territories without recognition, Ukraine stays out of NATO, and both sides receive limited economic concessions. The emerging reality is that a lasting resolution may only be possible through mutual dissatisfaction, not total victory. The Times

Ukraine, Russia swap POWs, other prisoners involving more than 500 people. Ukraine and Russia conducted a major prisoner swap on Saturday, involving over 500 individuals. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy confirmed 277 Ukrainians were freed, while Russia reported receiving 246 servicemen and 15 wounded troops. The exchange is part of ongoing efforts, with over 4,500 Ukrainians returned since the 2022 invasion. Reuters

ANALYSIS–Russians Wonder: Can Trump Really Negotiate Peace in Ukraine? Many Russians initially believed President Donald Trump could broker a peace deal in Ukraine favorable to the Kremlin. Three months into his second term, disappointment is growing. Russian President Vladimir Putin has remained inflexible, resisting U.S.-backed cease-fire proposals and continuing military escalation. Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio have warned that the U.S. may abandon talks, but the Kremlin appears unmoved. Behind closed doors, frustration is mounting among Russian elites over Putin's unwillingness to compromise. Meanwhile, the Kremlin courts Trump with business incentives and broader negotiations, hoping to maintain ties even if peace efforts stall over unresolved territorial and NATO issues. New York Times 

How Russia recruits troops in occupied Ukrainian territories. Russia is forcibly conscripting Ukrainians from occupied territories—Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson—despite international law deeming such actions war crimes. Human rights activists report increasing pressure on residents, particularly those with Russian passports, to join the military. Many are sent to Russia or Crimea for training before deployment to the front, often under duress or through coercive conditions. Refusal can result in prison, though few are sentenced. Men with prior service in separatist militias are also being called up. Activists warn conscripts are sometimes used as human shields. Russia’s aggressive mobilization violates humanitarian law and reflects desperation to replenish frontline troops. Deutsche Welle

Russia wounds over 100 with new cluster supersonic missile on Ukraine’s Kharkiv. On Good Friday, Russia launched a supersonic 9M727 missile with cluster munitions at a residential district in Kharkiv, killing a 79-year-old man, injuring over 100 people—including seven children—and destroying more than 500 homes. This marks the third consecutive week of such ballistic attacks on Ukrainian cities, following deadly strikes in Sumy and Kryvyi Rih. Ukrainian officials condemned the use of stealth-equipped, radar-evading munitions, warning of further attacks on energy infrastructure over the Easter weekend. Russia claims it targeted drone launcher sites. Politico EU

Russia claims to take the penultimate village in Kursk. Russia claims its forces have captured Oleshnya, the second-to-last village in Ukraine’s incursion-held Kursk region. Only Gornal remains under Ukrainian control. Moscow says Ukraine has lost over 75,000 troops there—figures unverified by Kyiv. Meanwhile, reports suggest the U.S. may recognize Russian control of Crimea in a future peace deal. Politico EU

Zelensky tells Ukraine on Easter: 'Evil may have its hour but God will have his day.' On Easter Sunday, President Volodymyr Zelensky urged Ukrainians not to lose faith amid 1,152 days of war, declaring, “Evil may have its hour but God will have his day.” Standing before Saint Sophia Cathedral, he promised peace would return: “The day of life will come. The day of Ukraine. A peaceful Easter awaits.” Reuters

Moscow court fines Google for disclosing data on Russian soldiers killed in Ukraine. A Moscow court fined Google $45,000 for allegedly revealing personal data of Russian soldiers killed in Ukraine via a YouTube video. The case reflects Russia’s broader crackdown on foreign tech platforms and wartime content. Meanwhile, Mediazona and the BBC confirmed over 101,000 Russian military deaths since 2022. Kyiv Independent

Russian attacks on Ukraine kill 3, injure 7 over past 24 hours. Russian attacks killed at least three and injured seven civilians across Ukraine despite a declared Easter ceasefire. Ukraine reported nearly 3,000 Russian violations, including drone and missile strikes. Air defenses intercepted 42 drones. Moscow rejected calls from Kyiv and Washington to extend the truce, insisting on halting Western military aid first. Kyiv Independent

ISW Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment for Friday, April 18-Sunday, April 20. SUNDAY–Ukrainian officials continue to document Russia’s systematic persecution of religious communities in occupied territories, citing the deaths or torture of 67 clergy and the destruction of over 600 Christian sites. The Kremlin is reviving World War II-era narratives and accusing the West of neo-Nazism to justify its militarization and invasion of Ukraine, while laying propaganda groundwork for future conflicts with NATO and neighboring states. SATURDAY–Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky responded to Russian President Vladimir Putin’s 30-hour unilateral truce by proposing a complete and unconditional 30-day ceasefire, while accusing Russia of insincerity and continued frontline aggression. Putin justified the short truce as a test of Ukraine’s willingness to negotiate. However, Russian forces appeared to violate the truce almost immediately. Russian officials likely implemented the ceasefire as a propaganda tool to accuse Ukraine of violations and portray themselves as peace-seeking amid President Donald Trump’s signals that American patience is running out. US officials are frustrated by Russia’s foot-dragging and repeated rejections of ceasefire proposals, with Trump warning he may abandon the peace process if no progress is made soon. FRIDAY–Russian Permanent Representative to the United Nations Vasily Nebenzya reiterated Putin's rejection of a general ceasefire in Ukraine. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov announced the end of the temporary halt on Russian long-range strikes against Ukrainian energy infrastructure. Zelensky warned that Russia may escalate strikes following the end of the moratorium. Senior Russian officials continue to insist on Ukraine's demilitarization, regime change, and territorial concessions. The Kremlin has built public expectations around uncompromising war goals. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told US Secretary of State Marco Rubio that any peace agreement must address Russia’s so-called “root causes” of the war, including NATO expansion and alleged anti-Russian policies in Ukraine. Russian officials are using the peace process to stall or extract concessions while remaining committed to their original war objectives. Since April 1, Russian forces have intensified strikes on Ukrainian civilian areas, causing mass casualties and terrorizing civilians while peace talks stall. Military collaboration is increasing between China and Russia.

Battlefield update: Ukrainian forces advanced near the city of Toretsk and Pokrovsk, while Russian troops made gains in Kursk Oblast and near Kupyansk, Lyman, Kurakhove, Toretsk and Pokrovsk. Sunday-Institute for the Study of War. Saturday-Institute for the Study of War. Friday-Institute for the Study of War.

EUROPE

Pope Francis dies at 88. Pope Francis, a voice for the poor who reshaped the Catholic Church but faced fierce resistance, died Monday at age 88. The death of Francis, who became the first Latin American pontiff in 2013 and was one of the oldest popes in the church’s history, came weeks after he was discharged from the hospital after battling a life-threatening case of pneumonia in both lungs. The pontiff died in his Vatican residence. “At 7:35 this morning, the Bishop of Rome, Francis, returned to the home of the Father. His entire life was dedicated to the service of the Lord and of his Church, ″ Cardinal Kevin Ferrell, the Vatican camerlengo, announced. “He taught us to live the values of the Gospel with faithfulness, courage, and universal love, especially for the poorest and most marginalized. With immense gratitude for his example as a true disciple of the Lord Jesus, we commend the soul of Pope Francis to the infinite, merciful love of God, One and Tribune. ″ Francis, whose name was Jorge Mario Bergoglio, was elected pope on March 13, 2013, surprising many Church watchers who had seen the Argentine cleric as an outsider. He sought to project simplicity into the grand role and never took possession of the ornate papal apartments in the Apostolic Palace used by his predecessors, saying he preferred to live in a community setting for his "psychological health." He inherited a Church that was under attack over a child sex abuse scandal and torn by infighting in the Vatican bureaucracy and was elected with a clear mandate to restore order. But as his papacy progressed, he faced fierce criticism from conservatives, who accused him of trashing cherished traditions. He also drew the ire of progressives, who felt he should have done much more to reshape the 2,000-year-old Church. While he struggled with internal dissent, Francis became a global superstar, drawing huge crowds on his foreign travels as he promoted interfaith dialogue and peace, taking a stand for the marginalized, such as migrants. Francis appointed nearly 80% of the cardinal electors who will choose the next pope, increasing the possibility that his successor will continue his progressive policies, despite the strong pushback from traditionalists. CNN Euronews Associated Press Reuters Al Jazeera New York Times

Papal Transition: Traditional Path Sharply Defined. When a pope dies, the Roman Catholic Church enters a formal, ritualized interregnum. Power transfers temporarily to the College of Cardinals, who govern without making major changes. The camerlengo confirms the pope’s death, seals his quarters, oversees funeral rites, and manages Church property. Cardinals meet daily, swearing secrecy and reading Pope John Paul II’s 1996 rules for transition. The conclave—strictly secluded and highly secret—must begin 15–20 days after death. Cardinals under 80 vote by secret ballot in the Sistine Chapel, seeking a two-thirds majority. Once elected, the new pope accepts the role, chooses a name, and is introduced to the world with the announcement: Habemus papam. New York Times

Putin’s War Economy Can’t Escape Trump’s Trade Blitz. Russia’s oil-dependent economy is under growing pressure as global crude prices fall below its budgetary threshold, threatening a fiscal crisis and straining its war efforts in Ukraine. President Donald Trump’s trade policies have rattled global markets, contributing to price drops that have hit Russia’s Urals blend, now trading below $55 per barrel—well below the $70 target. Analysts warn that prolonged low prices could double the budget deficit and destabilize the Kremlin’s wartime social contract. Though Russia can cut domestic spending and borrow internally, inflation, labor shortages, and dwindling reserves worsen the outlook. A continued oil slump could force painful economic and political choices for Russian President Vladimir Putin. Wall Street Journal

Russia Expects Fewer Exports and Lower Oil Prices This Year. Russia’s Economy Ministry has lowered its export forecast for 2025 by 5.3%, citing weaker oil prices. Urals oil is now expected to average $56 per barrel, down from $69.70, while Brent is forecast at $68. Despite reduced oil revenue, Russia plans to use its National Wealth Fund to offset shortfalls and sustain war-related spending. The ministry kept its 2025 GDP growth outlook at 2.5% but cut the 2026 forecast. Inflation is projected to reach 7.6% by year-end despite high interest rates. Bloomberg

Could Canada join the EU? Unlikely … but not impossible. A growing number of Canadians are intrigued by the idea of joining the European Union, especially as relations with the U.S. sour under President Trump. A recent poll showed 44% support the concept, but legal and practical barriers remain. EU treaties limit membership to “European states,” though some experts argue “Europeanness” is more cultural than geographic. Canada shares many EU values but would face major economic hurdles, like reworking its U.S. trade ties. Political obstacles and historical precedent — such as Morocco’s rejected application — make accession highly unlikely, though Canada may strengthen its economic partnership instead. EU membership remains a long shot. Politico EU

Germany bets on volunteers to fix a hollowed-out army — but will it work? Facing a shrinking military and rising Russian threats, Germany’s new coalition government plans to revive voluntary military service. All 18-year-old men — and optionally women — will receive questionnaires assessing their willingness to serve, with enlistees joining voluntarily. Defense Minister Boris Pistorius argues the program could stabilize and expand the Bundeswehr, now stuck at 182,000 troops. Yet critics warn that without stronger participation, Germany’s defense capacity — and its NATO commitments — could falter. With a potential Russian threat looming by 2029, the strategy is seen as a temporary fix rather than a robust solution, with time quickly running out. Politico EU

Britain intercepted Russian aircraft over Baltic Sea in recent days. Britain intercepted Russian aircraft near NATO airspace over the Baltic Sea on Tuesday and Thursday, deploying Typhoon jets in both incidents. One Russian intelligence plane and another unidentified aircraft were involved. The UK Ministry of Defense said the actions were part of efforts to deter aggression and support NATO, alongside Sweden. Reuters 

Tiny Russian Exclave Flexes Might in NATO’s Backyard. Russia has intensified military exercises around Kaliningrad, its Baltic Sea exclave bordered by NATO members Poland and Lithuania. Recent drills included the use of hypersonic missiles, aimed at demonstrating strength amid regional tensions. Kaliningrad, historically militarized and geographically isolated from mainland Russia, now plays a central role in Moscow’s strategic messaging and posture. As NATO enhances its defenses in the region—including patrols, fortifications, and naval operations—concerns are rising about the exclave’s vulnerability and potential for escalation. Analysts warn Moscow could attempt a land corridor through NATO territory to connect Kaliningrad with Belarus, while NATO officials explore containment strategies and possible blockades to counter future threats. Wall Street Journal

Russia jails 19-year-old for nearly three years for condemning war in Ukraine. A Russian court sentenced 19-year-old activist Darya Kozyreva to almost three years in prison for protesting the Ukraine war using poetry and graffiti. She was found guilty of repeatedly “discrediting” the Russian army. Kozyreva denied wrongdoing, calling the case fabricated. She is among over 230 Russians jailed for anti-war views. Reuters CNN RFE\RL 

Behind Italy’s defense-spending hike, pushback at home. Italy announced it will meet NATO’s 2% defense spending target this year, just ahead of Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s meeting with President Trump. Despite public and political resistance at home, rising tensions and U.S. pressure pushed the move. Italy must now find an extra €8.7 billion to meet the goal. Options include European Union defense loans and reclassifying spending, though analysts warn NATO won’t accept creative accounting. Italy faces competing pressures to buy American versus European arms, with major purchases like F-35 jets and Gulfstream aircraft already underway. Future decisions may depend on balancing U.S. and EU demands. Defense News

Hungary would hurt EU taxpayers by lifting Russia sanctions, warns Estonia. Estonia’s foreign minister warns that Hungary’s push to lift European Union sanctions on €210 billion in frozen Russian assets would burden EU taxpayers. These assets currently back multibillion-euro loans to Ukraine from the EU and G7. If unfrozen, the financial liability would shift to governments, notably the EU and U.S. Estonia urges asset seizure over continued sanctions but faces resistance from countries like Belgium, which fears legal and financial repercussions. Talks with Hungary continue, as Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s leverage rests on his country’s need for EU funds. The future of the assets may hinge on U.S.-brokered peace efforts. Financial Times

Macron 'to Make State Visit Before Trump' as UK Seeks Closer Ties with Europe. French President Emmanuel Macron is set to make his first state visit to the UK in late May, ahead of U.S. President Donald Trump’s expected September visit. Both visits are part of Britain’s effort to strengthen ties with Europe while maintaining close U.S. relations. Trump is anticipated to meet King Charles at Windsor Castle, marking an unusual second state event due to his non-consecutive terms. UK officials are also exploring economic cooperation with Europe to counterbalance Trump’s new 10% tariffs. Bloomberg

Romania’s presidential election redo is a high-stakes test of its democracy following annulled vote. Romania’s upcoming presidential election redo on May 4 is seen as a pivotal test of its democracy, following last year’s vote being annulled due to allegations of fraud and foreign interference. The Constitutional Court’s decision, sparked by the surprise first-round win of far-right, pro-Russian candidate Calin Georgescu, triggered the country’s deepest political crisis since 1989. Georgescu is now barred from running, and concerns persist over public trust, foreign influence through TikTok, and the rise of far-right sentiment. With 11 candidates in the race and a likely runoff, the election’s outcome could significantly impact Romania’s political future, its relations with the European Union, and its response to the war in Ukraine.  Associated Press 

Norway's PM to meet with President Trump in Washington this week. Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Stoere and Finance Minister Jens Stoltenberg will travel to Washington for a meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump on Thursday, to discuss security, NATO, the ongoing war in Ukraine, and trade. Stoere underscored the strong partnership between Norway and the U.S. and expressed interest in expanding cooperation. The Trump administration recently imposed a 15% tariff on Norwegian imports, which has been temporarily reduced to 10% for 90 days. Reuters 

French justice minister says prisons were again targeted overnight. French prisons and detention centers were targeted with violence again overnight, continuing a wave of unclaimed attacks believed to be linked to drug traffickers, according to Justice Minister Gerald Darmanin. While there were no injuries, Darmanin described the incidents as acts of intimidation against the Republic. Authorities have not ruled out foreign or far-left involvement, but no arrests have been made so far. Reuters 

Belarus throws dozens of independent journalists into severe prisons. Belarus continues its harsh crackdown on independent journalism, imprisoning dozens of reporters under authoritarian President Alexander Lukashenko. Journalists reportedly face long sentences, poor medical care, isolation, and beatings—conditions reminiscent of the Soviet era. Former state journalist Ksenia Lutskina, arrested after trying to launch an independent channel in 2020, was released due to a brain tumor but fled to Lithuania. Over 1,200 political prisoners remain behind bars, with at least 40 journalists among them. Charges like “extremism” are commonly used, even for consuming banned media. U.S. aid cuts have worsened the situation, forcing many journalists abroad. Rights groups call it a systematic human rights violation.  Associated Press 

THE MIDDLE EAST

Iran, US task experts to design framework for a nuclear deal, Tehran says, Iran and the U.S. have agreed to begin drafting a framework for a new nuclear deal following productive indirect talks in Rome. The next phase involves expert-level negotiations in Oman starting Wednesday, with top officials set to reconvene Saturday. While cautious optimism was expressed, Iran insists it won't dismantle centrifuges or reduce uranium stockpiles below 2015 deal levels. Trump, who abandoned that deal in 2018, demands a new pact to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Reuters Associated Press 

Iran nuclear talks to enter ‘next phase’ after negotiations in Rome. Iran and the U.S. concluded a second round of nuclear talks in Rome, with both sides agreeing to continue negotiations next week in Oman. Iran described the meeting as a step forward, proposing a framework that includes guarantees the U.S. won’t exit a future deal. Tehran also seeks sanction relief, enriched uranium stockpile management, and a possible visit to Washington. The U.S. insists Iran cannot possess a nuclear weapon, though disagreements persist over enrichment limits. Iran now produces 60% enriched uranium and wants protections against another U.S. withdrawal like in 2018. Russia is playing a quiet mediating role in the background. Wall Street Journal  Politico

Big Gaps in Intelligence on Iran’s Nuke Program Threaten Push for Quick Deal. As U.S.-Iran nuclear talks resume, major intelligence gaps threaten progress. Since limiting international oversight in 2021, Iran has restricted United Nations inspectors, removed monitoring cameras, and ceased reporting key nuclear activity. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) admits it no longer has reliable data on Iran’s centrifuge inventory or enriched uranium stockpile. Without this baseline, verifying compliance is nearly impossible. Trump’s team is pressing for a deal within 60 days, but experts warn Iran may be just weeks from nuclear breakout if left unchecked. The IAEA calls for urgent Iranian cooperation to restore monitoring and transparency. Wall Street Journal 

ANALYSIS–Saudi Arabia Opposed Obama’s Deal with Iran. It Supports Trump’s. Why? Saudi Arabia, once critical of ex-President Barack Obama’s 2015 nuclear deal with Iran, now supports similar negotiations under Trump, reflecting a major regional shift. Improved Saudi-Iran ties, economic diversification goals, and fear of escalation have softened Riyadh’s stance. Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s government now favors diplomacy to avoid conflict that could derail investment and modernization plans. Gulf nations—once wary of U.S.-Iran rapprochement—now fear being targeted in any conflict, especially with tensions flaring in Yemen and Gaza. Trump has threatened military action if talks fail, but Iran and Arab states, including Saudi Arabia, are engaging diplomatically. China helped mediate Iran-Saudi reconciliation in 2023, bolstering regional calm. New York Times

Israel still eyeing a limited attack on Iran's nuclear facilities. Israel is still considering a limited strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities, despite U.S. reluctance to support such action. President Trump has told Prime Minister Netanyahu that he prefers diplomacy for now but hasn’t ruled out military options. Israeli plans range from airstrikes to commando operations and aim to delay Iran’s nuclear program, though experts say any attack would offer only a temporary setback. Israel may act independently, believing the window is narrowing before Iran rebuilds its air defenses. Iran warns it would retaliate strongly, and any strike risks undermining U.S.-led negotiations now underway in Rome. Reuters

Iran's Space Program Is Growing Stronger Despite US Sanctions. Iran’s space program is advancing rapidly despite U.S. sanctions, with support from Russia and a growing emphasis on satellite launches and rocket development. The new Chabahar spaceport is set to become a major launch hub, enhancing Iran’s capacity to deploy satellites and, potentially, long-range missiles. U.S. officials warn that Iran’s space technologies closely mirror those needed for intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), raising strategic concerns. Tehran denies pursuing nuclear weapons but sees its space efforts as a source of prestige and power projection. Critics argue the program could mask military ambitions, while others see it as a bid for technological parity and regional influence. Bloomberg

Lebanese authorities detain people they say were planning rocket attacks on Israel. Lebanese authorities arrested several individuals near Sidon who were allegedly planning rocket attacks on Israel, seizing rockets and launchers. The arrests are linked to previous detentions involving Palestinians accused of similar attacks in March. Meanwhile, Israeli airstrikes killed two people, including a Hezbollah official accused of smuggling arms and funds into Lebanon via Iran. Associated Press 

Israel's Netanyahu says military to increase pressure on Hamas. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced increased military pressure on Hamas after the group rejected a temporary truce, insisting on a permanent end to the war in exchange for hostages. In a televised address, Netanyahu said Israel would fight “until victory.” Gaza has seen intensified airstrikes, with at least 50 Palestinians killed Saturday alone. The fate of U.S.-Israeli hostage Edan Alexander remains unclear. Meanwhile, Hamas says it’s willing to swap all 59 remaining hostages for prisoners and reconstruction, rejecting Israel’s disarmament demands. Over 51,000 Palestinians have reportedly died since the conflict began. Reuters Associated Press 

Israeli strikes in Gaza kill at least 25 as Huckabee debuts as U.S. ambassador. Israeli airstrikes across Gaza killed at least 25 people Friday as former Arkansas governor Mike Huckabee made his first appearances as the new U.S. ambassador to Israel.  The strikes came a day after more than two dozen people died in Gaza Friday as Israel continued attacks, pressuring Hamas to disarm and return hostages it took in October 2023.  Associated Press 

Israeli Probe Finds Failures in Its Killing of 15 Gaza Aid Workers. An Israeli military investigation concluded that its forces mistakenly killed 15 aid workers in Gaza, including Palestinian medics and a UN staffer, during a March 23 operation in Rafah. The report found that troops wrongly believed they were under threat and violated rules of engagement. A field commander was dismissed for providing a misleading account, and a brigade commander was reprimanded. The military acknowledged that the aid vehicles were clearly marked and should not have been fired upon or buried with bulldozers. The initial Israeli claim that Hamas militants were among the dead was disproven by video evidence and survivor testimony. Wall Street Journal Associated Press Bloomberg  

U.S. attacks Yemen again after at least 80 people killed in Hodeidah.  The U.S. launched multiple airstrikes in Yemen’s Hodeidah province, including on Ras Isa port, killing at least 80 people and injuring over 150. The attacks, part of a broader U.S. campaign against Houthi forces, aim to stop their assaults on Red Sea shipping. The Houthis vowed to continue operations in support of Gaza. UN Secretary-General António Guterres expressed grave concern over civilian casualties and potential environmental damage, warning that critical infrastructure—including ports vital to aid and oil exports—has been targeted. Al Jazeera Associated Press BBC NBC News  

Houthis report U.S. airstrikes, 12 people killed in Yemeni capital. Houthi rebels on Monday announced U.S. airstrikes on Yemen's capital, Sanaa, reporting the deaths of 12 people in the Farwa neighborhood market. The strikes reportedly injured 30, marking the latest escalation in Washington’s military campaign against the group. The strikes, which also hit multiple other regions across Yemen, follow earlier attacks that killed dozens of people at the Ras Isa fuel port. Civilian casualties remain unclear, as the U.S. has not disclosed details, and the Houthis limit access to targeted areas. Associated Press 

Protesters in Yemen burn US and Israeli flags after US strikes targeting Houthi rebels. Thousands of Yemenis took to the streets of Sanaa on Friday to protest intense US airstrikes targeting Houthi rebels and to show solidarity with Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. US airstrikes targeting an oil port held by Yemen’s Houthi rebels killed 74 people and wounded 171 others, the group said Friday, in the deadliest known attack under US President Donald Trump’s new military campaign against the Iranian-backed faction. Associated Press 

Syrian president meets US Congress members on an unofficial visit to Damascus. In the first visit by U.S. lawmakers since Bashar Assad’s ouster, Republican Reps. Cory Mills and Marlin Stutzman met with Syria’s new president, Ahmad al-Sharaa, in Damascus. The visit comes amid growing calls to lift U.S. sanctions imposed during Assad’s rule. Stutzman visited the infamous Saydnaya Prison and expressed optimism about Syria’s future, advocating for U.S. support and potential sanctions relief. The U.S. has not formally recognized the new Syrian government, but limited sanctions were eased for humanitarian aid. Al-Sharaa, once tied to extremist groups, now leads Syria’s transitional government. Associated Press 

Inside a City Swept by Roving Gunmen, Deadly Grudges and Fear. In March 2025, Baniyas, Syria, was ravaged by a sectarian massacre that killed over 1,600 people, mostly Alawites, exposing the instability that remains after Assad’s fall. Armed groups—former rebels, jihadists, and civilians seeking revenge—stormed the city, executing residents, looting homes, and torching neighborhoods. Though the new rebel-led government initially brought calm, it failed to control its own forces, with some troops reportedly joining the violence. Survivors described door-to-door killings, mass graves, and desperate escapes. Around 20,000 fled to Lebanon. Despite promises of justice, few arrests have been made. The bloodshed highlights the fragility of postwar Syria and the deep-rooted sectarian tensions that persist under the new regime. New York Times

‘I thought I’d died.’ How landmines are continuing to claim lives in post-Assad Syria. Despite the end of Syria’s 14-year civil war with the fall of Bashar Assad in December, landmines continue to kill and maim civilians. Suleiman Khalil, 21, lost a leg in a recent explosion while harvesting olives, one of hundreds of victims since Assad's ouster. Vast areas remain contaminated by mines laid by government forces, allies, and opposition groups. With inadequate equipment, demining teams face deadly risks. Human Rights Watch warns that the explosive remnants hinder returnees, farming, and daily life. Survivors like Khalil and others await prosthetics they can’t afford, as the country struggles to clear decades-old war debris. Associated Press 

ASIA & OCEANIA

Vance Arrives in India as Trump’s Trade War Hangs Over Visit. U.S. Vice President JD Vance has begun a four-day visit to India amid escalating trade tensions driven by President Donald Trump’s threat to raise tariffs on Indian exports. India is aiming to finalize a trade deal before the 90-day pause on increased duties expires, hoping to avoid hikes from 10% to 26%. Vance is meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and visiting cultural sites with his wife, Usha Vance, and their children. The trip combines high-stakes diplomacy with symbolic gestures, reinforcing U.S.–India cooperation on trade, defense, and technology, while softening Vance’s image on the international stage. Both countries aim to counter China’s regional influence and double their trade to $500 billion by 2030. Key sectors at stake include agriculture, machinery, and medical exports. Bloomberg  Associated Press Washington Post The Guardian  Bloomberg  

China's U.S. envoy urges end to trade war but warns Beijing ready to fight. China’s U.S. ambassador Xie Feng urged an end to the trade war, calling for peaceful coexistence and warning that China will retaliate if targeted with tariffs. He criticized U.S. protectionism, likening it to Great Depression-era policies, and emphasized harmony over conflict in global relations, while high-level China-U.S. talks remain stalled. Reuters

China slaps sanctions on U.S. Congress members, officials, others, citing bad behavior on Hong Kong. As Beijing and Washington engage in an intensifying trade war, China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Monday announced that it has decided to place sanctions on members of the U.S. Congress, officials, and leaders of non-governmental organizations “who have behaved badly” on issues related to Hong Kong. A ministry spokesperson asserted that "any wrong action taken by the U.S. side on the Hong Kong-related issue will be met with resolute and reciprocal counteraction by the Chinese side.” Last month, Washington sanctioned six Chinese and Hong Kong officials. South China Morning Post Reuters 

China shipbuilders rip Trump's 'short-sighted' U.S. port fees. China's shipbuilders condemned new U.S. port fees on China-linked vessels as “short-sighted,” calling them protectionist and harmful to global trade. The Trump administration introduced the fees to boost U.S. shipbuilding, sparking strong opposition from China’s government and maritime industry. Beijing vowed countermeasures, warning of inflation and supply chain disruption. Reuters

Tracker reveals second Boeing jet is U.S. bound after leaving China. A second Boeing 737 MAX 8 jet intended for a Chinese airline was being transported to the U.S. on Monday, reflecting escalating trade tensions between Washington and Beijing. Tracking data from AirNav Radar showed that the aircraft, which left Boeing’s Zhoushan completion center near Shanghai, landed in Guam en route back to Seattle. It follows another 737 MAX that returned the previous day. The return of these jets appears tied to high tariffs—Trump recently raised U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports to 145%, prompting China to retaliate with a 125% tariff on American goods, making aircraft deliveries financially burdensome. Boeing may offer the jets to other buyers like Malaysia Airlines. The situation highlights growing uncertainty and disruption in aircraft deliveries amid shifting trade policies. Reuters  

Malaysia Airlines seeks to gain from China’s Boeing halt. Malaysia Aviation Group (MAG), the parent of Malaysia Airlines, is negotiating with Boeing to potentially acquire aircraft delivery slots vacated by Chinese carriers amid rising U.S.-China trade tensions. CEO Izham Ismail said MAG may raise capital to fund the move, which would help accelerate its fleet modernization. The interest follows reports that China has halted Boeing aircraft deliveries and purchases from U.S. aviation firms. MAG aims to operate 55 next-generation 737 Max jets by 2030 and has already ordered 30 aircraft, with an option for 30 more. Any additional planes from the vacated slots would be separate from its current leasing deal. Slowed deliveries and maintenance issues recently forced the airline to cut over 6,000 flights, significantly impacting its profits. South China Morning Post 

Iran's FM to visit China on Tuesday. Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi will visit China on Tuesday, ahead of a third round of nuclear talks between Iran and the U.S. set for Saturday in Oman. According to a foreign ministry spokesperson, Araqchi’s trip follows his recent visit to Moscow, where he emphasized Iran's close coordination with Russia and China on nuclear matters. Reuters 

Beijing Stokes Patriotic Fervor and Blames U.S. for Trade War. Amid escalating U.S.-China trade tensions, Beijing is using state media to stir patriotic sentiment and blame the U.S. for China’s economic woes. The Communist Party portrays the conflict as an ideological battle, invoking historical struggles like the Korean War. While this approach may consolidate political support, it risks backfiring if economic conditions worsen. Nationalist rhetoric complicates potential compromises and raises public expectations. Meanwhile, China vows retaliation, while state media insists the U.S. depends on Chinese goods and will eventually yield. Wall Street Journal 

China releases footage of sixth-generation J-36 fighter. What clues does it offer? China has released footage of its sixth-generation J-36 fighter jet, sparking global speculation about its design and capabilities. The prototype, possibly featuring three engines and a tailless, stealth-focused layout, signals Beijing’s ambitions to rival U.S. airpower. Analysts say China is accelerating development to compete with U.S. and allied sixth-gen fighter programs like the F-47 and NGAD. However, China still faces major hurdles—especially engine development and system integration. Experts suggest the aircraft may ultimately work in tandem with AI-powered drones for long-range, preemptive strike missions. The release also appears timed to project strength post-Trump re-election. South China Morning Post

Chinese navy reports driving away Philippine frigate that illegally entered Scarborough Shoal waters. A Philippines frigate “illegally intruded” into waters around the hotly contested Scarborough Shoal on April 20, according to the Chinese navy. The Southern Theatre navy, which repelled the frigate after monitoring it, reported that the vessel “seriously” violated China’s sovereignty and laws. The Navy on Sunday called on Manila to cease “provocative” inflammatory activities and “infringement.” Reuters 

Seoul coordinating response measure to China's controversial steel structure in Yellow Sea. South Korea is considering building a facility in the overlapping waters with China in the Yellow Sea, in response to Beijing’s recent installation of a steel structure near Ieo Island. Oceans Minister Kang Do-hyung said the government is discussing the type and scale of the facility, emphasizing the need to protect South Korea’s maritime territory. The area, part of the Provisional Maritime Zone (PMZ), is meant for shared use, allowing only navigation and fishing. However, China has built several steel structures there, claiming they are for aquaculture. The two nations are expected to hold maritime talks later this month. Yonhap News Agency 

Will the U.S. hand space leadership to China by pulling NASA out of Mars race? China’s Tianwen-3 Mars mission, set to launch in 2028 and return samples by 2031, may soon dominate the planetary exploration field as the U.S. threatens to defund NASA’s joint Mars sample return program with Europe. Budget cuts and project delays could force NASA to abandon the mission, potentially ceding space leadership to China. Experts warn this would damage U.S. credibility and global partnerships, while China continues advancing its ambitious lunar and Martian exploration plans. South China Morning Post 

Philippines, U.S. initiate joint combat exercises in 'full battle test'. The Philippines and the U.S. have started the annual "Balikatan" military exercises, which are set to run until May 9, amid rising regional tensions, particularly in the South China Sea. Over 14,000 Filipino and American troops are participating in the drills, described as "full battle tests." They include live-fire exercises with advanced U.S. weapons like the NMESIS anti-ship missile system and HIMARS launchers, as well as modern Philippine missiles. Scenarios will test responses to missile threats, invasions at sea, and include sinking a decommissioned ship. While officials stress that the drills aren't aimed at any specific country, they are seen as a deterrent amid increasing friction with China over maritime disputes and Taiwan. Troops from Australia, Japan, the UK, France, and Canada are also involved, with 16 other nations observing. Reuters Bloomberg South China Morning Post Indo-Pacific Defense Forum  

Cambodia’s renovated naval base welcomes 2 Japanese warships amid US concerns. Two Japanese warships docked at Cambodia’s China-renovated Ream Naval Base, marking the first such visit and signaling diplomatic outreach. The Japanese embassy called it a “historically significant event” aimed at boosting trust. The base has drawn U.S. concern over potential Chinese military use, though Cambodia denies exclusivity for any foreign power. South China Morning Post Associated Press 

China and Cambodia agree on financing for a 94-mile canal linking the Mekong to the Gulf of Thailand. China and Cambodia have signed a $1.2 billion deal to finance the 94-mile Funan Techo Canal, linking the Mekong River near Phnom Penh to the Gulf of Thailand. The project, halted after its 2023 groundbreaking, is now back on track under a build-operate-transfer model, with Cambodian investors holding a 51% stake. Chinese President Xi Jinping oversaw the agreement during his Southeast Asia tour. The canal, designed for 3,000-ton vessels, is expected to reduce Cambodia’s logistics costs and create up to 50,000 jobs. Critics warn of potential ecological harm to the Mekong Delta, though Cambodia claims minimal environmental impact was confirmed. Associated Press 

North Korea slams U.S. decision to ease weapons exports. North Korea denounced on Sunday U.S. President Donald Trump's recent order to ease weapons exports and called the decision "war escalation measures." "On one hand, the U.S. is pretending to be a 'mediator' by recommending dialogue and negotiation, while on the other hand, it is continuously handing over all kinds of weapons of mass destruction to encourage warmongers to expand further and prolong the war," the Korean Central News Agency said in an unnamed commentary. Reuters 

South Korea, U.S., to hold trade talks this week, Seoul says. South Korea and the U.S. will hold trade talks this week in Washington during International Monetary Fund and World Bank meetings. Seoul aims to reduce a paused 25% tariff imposed by President Trump. Finance and trade ministers from South Korea will meet top U.S. trade and treasury officials; specific agenda details remain undisclosed. Reuters Korea Times Barron's  

South Korea’s ousted leader Yoon attends 2nd insurrection trial hearing. South Korean Former President Yoon Suk Yeol appeared in court for the second hearing of his insurrection trial on Monday, marking the first time he was photographed in the defendant's seat. Yoon faces charges of leading an insurrection by briefly imposing martial law on December 3 and deploying troops to the National Assembly to block a vote. He was subsequently impeached and removed from office on April 4. Yoon staunchly denies the charges, arguing that his actions did not constitute insurrection. Prosecutors allege he aimed to subvert the Constitution. Insurrection carries a potential life sentence or death. Two military officers are being questioned as witnesses in the ongoing trial. Yonhap News Agency France 24 

South Korean Air Force grounds most aircraft after accidental gun pods drop. The South Korean Air Force has grounded almost all its aircraft after last week's incident, in which a KA-1 light attack plane accidentally dropped gun pods, fuel tanks, and live ammunition during a night drill over Pyeongchang. No injuries or damage were reported, but the incident has resulted in flight restrictions, excluding reconnaissance and emergency aircraft, until Tuesday. This suspension affects the ongoing Freedom Flag joint exercise with the U.S., which involves 1,100 troops and 90 aircraft and has been underway since Thursday. The Air Force has not yet recovered all the dropped items, which landed in a mountainous area, and is investigating the cause. This follows a similar mishap in March, when bombs were accidentally dropped outside a training range in Pocheon, injuring 52 people. Yonhap News Agency 

Vatican honors 167 victims of IS-inspired bombings in Sri Lanka. The Vatican has recognized 167 Sri Lankan Catholics killed in the 2019 Easter Sunday bombings as "witnesses of faith," honoring them for dying due to religious hatred, or odium fidei. The recognition follows Pope Francis' 2023 initiative to acknowledge individuals who died while professing the Catholic faith formally. The church also honored seven victims of other faiths. Over 260 people, including many foreigners, were killed in the coordinated attacks, which were linked to Islamic State-inspired militants. Sri Lanka’s Catholic Church continues to call for a deeper investigation into possible political motives behind the bombings. Associated Press 

Taliban minister expresses concern to Pakistan over Afghan repatriation drive. The Taliban’s acting foreign minister voiced “deep concern and sadness” to Pakistan over the forced deportation of over 80,000 Afghan nationals since late March. During a rare meeting in Kabul, both countries discussed migrant rights, trade, and security issues. Tensions remain high following past border clashes and Pakistani airstrikes. Reuters 

AFRICA

How China is filling a weapons supply gap in Africa’s Sahel left by France and Russia. China is increasingly filling a weapons supply gap in Africa’s Sahel region, as France retreats, and Russia struggles with war-related shortages. Countries like Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger have turned to China for affordable, quickly delivered military equipment without political conditions. Chinese defense giant Norinco is expanding its regional presence, pairing arms sales with broader economic ties. Experts say China’s approach strengthens its strategic influence while challenging Western and Russian dominance in West Africa’s defense landscape. South China Morning Post

With African mining interests threatened by conflict, China wades into DR Congo-Rwanda conflict. China, traditionally committed to positioning itself as a global peacemaker, has taken an unusually direct stance in the Democratic Republic of Congo’s conflict, calling on Rwanda to stop supporting the M23 rebel group and withdraw its troops. This marks a subtle shift from China’s typical non-interference policy, driven largely by its need to protect significant mining interests in the conflict zone, especially around Goma and Bukavu where Chinese-run operations are active. Both key cities were seized by militants this year, sparking chaos and prompting thousands of people to flee. China also backed a UN Security Council resolution condemning Rwanda’s role in the violence—an uncommon move for Beijing. However, experts note that China’s language remains mild and carefully balanced to maintain relations with both Rwanda and the DRC. “Had it been any other actor than Rwanda, and particularly a Western actor, the tone of the wording would have been undoubtedly stronger and more dismissive,” said one analyst. The move reflects a pragmatic, interest-based approach rather than a policy shift. South China Morning Post 

Congo’s ex-President Kabila returns to home country from exile, as government alleges links to rebels. The Democratic Republic of Congo has banned the political party of former President Joseph Kabila, accusing him of having ties to the M23 rebel group, which has launched a major advance against its neighbor and seized parts of eastern Congo. The ban comes in the wake of Kabila’s return to Goma—an M23 stronghold—on Friday, after two years of exile in South Africa. Kabila is the son of Laurent-Désiré Kabila, a Congolese rebel and politician who became president in 1997. The government has charged Joseph Kabila with high treason, placed travel restrictions on unnamed associates, and seized his assets, alleging his presence in rebel-held territory and ambiguous stance on M23’s occupation of Congolese land. The Interior Ministry condemned the former leader’s “deliberate choice to return to the country through the city of Goma under control of the enemy, which curiously assured his security.” Kabila has denied links to the group but hasn't responded to the recent accusations. He claims his return is to help address the country’s growing crisis. “The Congolese people cannot wait indefinitely while regional and international initiatives stall without tangible results,” declared his office. Analysts note Kabila’s past connections to M23-affiliated figures and suggest historical parallels with his father’s rise to power from the same region. BBC Bloomberg Associated Press Bloomberg Al Jazeera  

Hundreds of thousands forced to flee as violence reemerges in volatile North Darfur. Renewed attacks by Rapid Support Forces (RSF)-affiliated troops on crowded displacement camps in Sudan’s Darfur region have forced up to 450,000 people to flee again, amid fears of a broader assault on El Fasher. The UN reports that many are escaping to remote areas like Tawila and Jebel Marra, where access to food, water, and healthcare is extremely limited. The violence, which has killed hundreds including children and aid workers, is worsening an already dire humanitarian crisis. Since April 2023, over 12.4 million people have been displaced, with rising food insecurity, disease, and famine risks adding to the crisis. Access to affected areas is severely restricted, and the UN is urgently appealing for more funding. Meanwhile, intercommunal violence in West Darfur has also displaced dozens of families, some of whom have fled to Chad. UN News Deutsche Welle 

Survivors of brutal attack on Sudan's Zamzam camp describe executions, arson. Dazed witnesses have described a brutal attack by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on the Zamzam displacement camp in Darfur, where militants reportedly engaged in looting, arson, rape, and executions earlier this month. At least 300 people were reportedly killed, and around 400,000 forced to flee. There are likely more victims of the violence, but a communications blackout has complicated matters. Sudanese mother Najlaa Ahmed, who was separated from many members of her family, described reaching Tawila after watching people die from hunger, thirst, and grave injuries. Witnesses report RSF soldiers killing civilians in mosques, homes, and cars, with some incidents captured on video. One community organizer said the troops, who called out racist slurs as they fired on civilians, “were barbaric, inhumane. They were chanting as they killed people in their homes. It is behavior you wouldn’t even find in the wilderness.” The RSF denies the atrocities and says video evidence is fabricated, continuing to claim that army loyalists used the camp. The paramilitary, expelled from the capital of Khartoum by the army, is seeking to take control of Darfur, especially al-Fashir, to establish a parallel government. Meanwhile, humanitarian conditions in Tawila are dire, with thousands of new arrivals lacking food, water, and shelter. Reuters The Guardian 

Tunisia Hands Heavy Sentences to Prominent Opposition Figures. Tunisia has sentenced around 40 opposition figures, including politicians, lawyers, journalists, and activists, to prison terms ranging from 13 to 66 years in a sweeping crackdown widely condemned by rights groups as politically motivated. The charges, tied to alleged conspiracies against state security, are seen as part of President Kais Saied’s increasingly authoritarian rule since his 2021 power grab. Once hailed as the Arab Spring’s democratic success story, Tunisia has seen mounting repression, economic turmoil, and the erosion of judicial independence. Critics say Saied has muzzled dissent, imprisoned opponents, and dismantled key democratic institutions, marking a sharp return to authoritarianism. New York Times Associated Press BBC Bloomberg 

Al Qaeda affiliate says it killed 70 soldiers in Benin, SITE reports. Al Qaeda affiliate JNIM has said it killed 70 soldiers in raids on two military posts in Benin, the SITE Intelligence Group reported on Saturday. The West African state and its coastal neighbor Togo have suffered a series of attacks in recent years as groups linked to Islamic State and al Qaeda have expanded their presence beyond the Sahel region to the north. Reuters

Protestors set fire to Chinese-managed mine in restive Guinea Bissau. Several hundred women protesters attacked and set fire to a Chinese-run zircon mining site in Guinea-Bissau’s northwest on Sunday, accusing the country of destroying their farms and the local environment. The site, which has been active since 2022, was completely burned down, according to the interior minister, who condemned the act and vowed to arrest those responsible. “When the state makes an effort to find partners, nobody has the right to destroy their property,” said the minister. Some women and a village leader were detained, while others fled to nearby forests. Protesters said authorities ignored their complaints about environmental damage and loss of livelihood. Guinea-Bissau, one of the world’s poorest and most unstable countries, remains vulnerable to exploitation and illicit activities. South China Morning Post 

Former Credit Suisse executive Thaim nominated to run in Ivory Coast’s presidential election. Tidjane Thiam, the former CEO of Credit Suisse, has been chosen almost unanimously to represent Ivory Coast’s Democratic Party in the upcoming presidential election, winning 99.5% of the vote while running unopposed. Now the party's president, Thiam previously stepped down from Credit Suisse after a corporate espionage scandal, though an external report cleared him of involvement. It remains unclear who will run against him, but current President Alassane Ouattara may seek re-election. The presidential vote is scheduled for October. Associated Press The Independent 

CYBER, TECH & MARKETS

Countries shore up their digital defenses as global tensions raise the threat of cyberwarfare. As global tensions rise, countries are ramping up digital defenses amid growing threats of cyberwarfare. A Russian-linked cyberattack on Texas water systems in 2024 highlighted vulnerabilities in U.S. infrastructure, prompting alarm among security experts. Foreign hacking campaigns—like China’s Volt Typhoon and Salt Typhoon—have targeted U.S. telecoms and officials, while Iran and North Korea increase cyber collaboration with Russia. Experts warn that these cyber intrusions may pre-position malware for future conflict, especially regarding Taiwan. Despite these threats, President Trump has weakened key cybersecurity structures by firing the National Security Agency director, cutting election security funding, and reducing intelligence staff. Critics argue that this undermines national defense, although the administration claims it is eliminating waste. Meanwhile, bipartisan support is growing for public-private cyber cooperation, and international agreements on spyware are emerging. However, experts stress that more workforce training and clear government guidance are essential to prepare for a future where digital conflict plays a central role in geopolitics. Associated Press

UN warns 'cancer' of billion-dollar cyberscam industry expanding worldwide. Asian crime syndicates operating a multibillion-dollar cyber scam industry are spreading globally to regions like South America, Africa, and Eastern Europe, as crackdowns by law enforcement in Southeast Asia fail to contain them, according to a report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). These advanced criminal networks, initially rooted in Southeast Asia, manage large compounds with trafficked workers who are forced to defraud victims online. Despite intensified efforts by governments in the region, syndicates have adapted, moving to remote areas with weak governance, and rife with corruption, particularly in Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia. The scams, which include cryptocurrency fraud and romance scams, are highly profitable and scalable, with the U.S. alone reporting over $5.6 billion in losses in 2023. The UN warns that the world is at a “critical inflection point” and urges global cooperation to disrupt the industry’s financing and reach. Reuters

Man Versus Machine as China Shows Off Humanoid Robots in Half-Marathon. In a world-first event, 21 humanoid robots joined thousands of human runners in a Beijing half-marathon, showcasing China’s tech ambitions. Led by Tien Kung Ultra, the robots demonstrated notable progress but also exposed current limitations. Only Tien Kung completed the race within the 3.5-hour cutoff. Most robots struggled with balance, navigation, or battery life. The event highlighted China's goal to lead humanoid robotics by 2027, with heavy state backing through subsidies and corporate-government collaboration. Wall Street Journal South China Morning Post The Guardian Hong Kong Free Press CNN  

Chinese firm offers high-performance, low-cost satellites to belt and road countries. China’s Chang Guang Satellite Technology is offering its new Kuanfu 02B satellite to Belt and Road countries, promoting it as a low-cost, high-performance solution for remote sensing. The satellite boasts 0.5-meter resolution, wide coverage, and is the lightest of its class at 230 kg, drastically cutting costs. With 219 satellites launched and 117 in orbit, Chang Guang aims to expand its Jilin-1 constellation to 300 by 2027. Despite U.S. sanctions, it continues selling to countries like Pakistan and Egypt for use in agriculture, environmental monitoring, and emergency response. South China Morning Post

AI paper by 4 Chinese paved way for ChatGPT, AlphaGo. It’s set for greater glory by 2030. A 2016 paper on deep residual learning (ResNets) by four Chinese scientists, formerly at Microsoft Research Asia, is now the most-cited scientific paper of the 21st century and may become the most-cited of all time by 2030. Their breakthrough enabled deep neural networks to train more effectively, laying the foundation for AI models like ChatGPT and AlphaGo. The work revolutionized deep learning, earning accolades such as the 2023 Future Science Prize and influencing countless AI developments worldwide. South China Morning Post

Nvidia CEO Lobbies Japan to Generate More Power to Fuel AI. Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang met with Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba to urge increased power generation to support AI growth. Highlighting Japan’s strengths in robotics, Huang stressed the need for new energy infrastructure to fuel data centers. The visit follows U.S. restrictions on Nvidia’s AI chip sales to China. Bloomberg

Von der Leyen warns X, Meta, TikTok to play by the rules in Europe — no matter who’s CEO. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has reaffirmed the EU’s commitment to enforcing its digital regulations — including the Digital Services Act (DSA) and Digital Markets Act — against tech giants like X, Meta, Apple, and TikTok, regardless of their leadership or origin. Her comments respond to pressure from the Trump administration, particularly Vice President JD Vance, who has linked U.S. NATO participation to Europe’s tech rules, claiming they censor free speech. Despite speculation of political hesitation, von der Leyen insists enforcement will remain impartial, as the Commission considers fines — including one against X following a recent probe. Politico EU

Italian newspaper gives free rein to AI, admires its irony. Italian newspaper Il Foglio ran a successful month-long trial of AI-written content, boosting sales and prompting plans for a weekly AI section. Editor Claudio Cerasa praised AI’s irony and speed but stressed it can’t replace journalists due to its lack of critical thinking. He sees AI as a creative tool, not a threat. Reuters

YouTube Is Gearing Up for its AI Era. YouTube, now 20, is embracing generative AI to expand its reach and boost creator tools — including auto-dubbing, lip-syncing, voice cloning, and AI-assisted editing. Google trained its Gemini model on vast amounts of YouTube content, often without creators' awareness, raising concerns about consent and fairness. Media partners were shielded; independent creators were not. YouTube promises these tools will "democratize creativity," but skepticism remains, especially as AI-generated content floods the platform. Despite controversy, YouTube continues to grow, with $36 billion in ad revenue and ambitions to surpass Disney as the top U.S. entertainment platform. Bloomberg

State-sponsored hackers embrace ClickFix social engineering tactic. State-backed hacking groups from North Korea, Iran, and Russia are increasingly using a social engineering tactic called “ClickFix.” It tricks users into running malicious scripts by displaying fake error messages on spoofed websites. Victims, thinking they’re fixing a failed download or registration, unknowingly launch malware via PowerShell, enabling espionage and persistent access. BleepingComputer 

APT29 Deploys GRAPELOADER Malware Targeting European Diplomats Through Wine-Tasting Lures. Russian state-backed group APT29 is targeting European diplomats with a phishing campaign using wine-tasting event lures to deliver new GRAPELOADER malware. Disguised as a ZIP file, the malware achieves persistence and stealth while loading WINELOADER for espionage. Meanwhile, another Russian group, Gamaredon, spreads malware via USB drives using obfuscated scripts. The Hacker News

Chinese Smishing Kit Powers Widespread Toll Fraud Campaign Targeting U.S. Users in 8 States.  Chinese-developed smishing kit by "Wang Duo Yu" is driving a large-scale toll fraud campaign targeting U.S. users in eight states via fake E-ZPass messages. Victims receive SMS or iMessages prompting them to resolve unpaid tolls by clicking links that lead to phishing pages, where their personal and financial data is stolen. The campaign, linked to the Smishing Triad group, employs tactics like fake CAPTCHAs, mobile wallet fraud, and double theft. Over 60,000 domains have been used, with phishing kits sold widely via Telegram, enabling massive, global-scale operations. The Hacker News  

Alleged SmokeLoader malware operator facing federal charges in Vermont. Nicholas Moses, aka “scrublord,” faces federal charges in Vermont for operating the SmokeLoader malware, which stole personal data from over 65,000 victims worldwide. From January 2022 to May 2023, Moses used a Netherlands-based server to deploy the malware, harvesting passwords and selling stolen credentials for $1–$5 each. SmokeLoader, a modular malware tool used widely by Russian cybercriminals, can execute a range of malicious activities, from stealing data to DDoS attacks. The case follows Europol’s 2024 “Operation Endgame,” which disrupted major malware operations and led to multiple arrests across Europe and North America, with further actions expected. The Record 

New payment-card scam involves a phone call, some malware and a personal tap. A new scam targeting Android users in Italy exploits mobile NFC (near-field communication) and a sophisticated malware called SuperCard X to steal credit and debit card data. Victims receive fake bank alerts and are tricked into calling a number where they’re urged to share PINs and disable card spending limits. They are then sent a malicious link and asked to tap their physical card to the phone, allowing the malware to capture card data via NFC. SuperCard X, a malware-as-a-service (MaaS) likely developed by Chinese-speaking hackers, may be part of a broader global trend of NFC-enabled financial fraud.  The Record 

A Soyuz capsule with 2 Russians and 1 American returns to Earth from the International Space Station. A Soyuz capsule safely returned to Earth Sunday, carrying two Russian cosmonauts and one American astronaut after 220 days aboard the International Space Station. The capsule landed in Kazakhstan near Zhezkazgan. NASA's Don Pettit, who turned 70 that day, and his crewmates orbited Earth 3,520 times during their mission.  Associated Press Al Jazeera Reuters 

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