Report for Wednesday, June 11, 2025

Report for Wednesday, June 11, 2025

• US, China Agree on Trade Deal Framework
  
  
• US to cut military aid to Ukraine, Hegseth says amid intense Russian offensive activity
  
  
• EU Proposes Nord Stream Ban, Cutting Oil Price Cap to Hit Russia
  
  
• Russia says it's ready to remove highly enriched uranium from Iran
  
  
• China deploys two aircraft carriers simultaneously for the first time
  
  
• OpenAI taps Google in unprecedented cloud deal despite AI rivalry, sources say

CIPHER BRIEF EXCLUSIVES

How Long Can Ukraine Fight?As Russia launches a new offensive and U.S. support declines, Ukraine faces critical questions about its ability to sustain the war effort. While the Biden administration approved 74 aid packages, no new assistance has been pledged under President Trump. Experts warn that the eventual loss of HIMARS and American-supplied air defenses like Patriot missiles, as well as real-time intelligence, could weaken Ukraine’s capabilities. Still, Ukraine has demonstrated resilience through innovative tactics and domestic defense production, now covering 40% of its military needs. Drone warfare, precision strikes like “Operation Spider Web,” and battlefield adaptation have enabled Ukraine to remain competitive. European allies, led by Germany, claim they can fill the void, but concerns persist over production delays and long-term resolve. Analysts emphasize that U.S. aid remains irreplaceable, especially for high-tech systems. Despite these challenges, experts like retired Lt. Gen. Ben Hodges and former U.S. Ambassador to NATO Kurt Volker believe Ukraine can endure, relying increasingly on drone warfare, smart tactics, and European support to hold the line. The Cipher Brief

THE AMERICAS

LA Mayor announces curfew as police launch mass arrests. On Tuesday, Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass imposed a curfew in downtown Los Angeles from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. Pacific Time to curb looting and vandalism amid escalating protests over federal immigration raids. The curfew, covering approximately a one-square-mile area, is expected to last several days. Bass declared a local emergency, blaming “bad actors” exploiting unrest sparked by President Trump’s deployment of 4,000 National Guard troops and 700 Marines. Over 330 people have been arrested in Los Angeles since protests began. Despite the limited geographical scope, Bass emphasized that media portrayals risked exaggerating the scale of the citywide disruption. Meanwhile, California’s legal bid to block the military deployment was denied an emergency halt, with a hearing set for Thursday. CNN AxiosBBCNew York Times

Under Pressure From the White House, ICE Seeks New Ways to Ramp Up Arrests. Under intense pressure from the Trump White House, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has ramped up operations to meet aggressive arrest targets tied to the administration’s mass deportation agenda. Led by Trump adviser Stephen Miller, the push includes expanded workplace raids, seven-day shifts, collateral arrests, and the use of a high-tech app—originally called Alien Tracker—to locate individuals with deportation orders. Former ICE officials warn the accelerated pace risks legal errors and due process violations. The administration aims for 3,000 arrests daily, far above prior norms. Critics say the operation prioritizes quotas over public safety, while supporters view it as fulfilling Trump’s campaign promises. Privacy advocates have raised concerns about the app’s use of data from agencies like the FBI, IRS, and HUD. Though some arrests have increased, operational challenges and court restrictions in cities like Los Angeles have tempered results. ICE officials vow the campaign will continue nationwide despite protests and legal opposition. New York Times

Hegseth Defends Deployment of Troops to Los Angeles at Testy Hearing. At a tense House Appropriations Committee hearing on Tuesday, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth defended the deployment of nearly 5,000 Marines and National Guard troops to Los Angeles, estimating the 60-day mission will cost $134 million. Pressed by Democrats, Hegseth repeatedly deflected questions about the budget and instead emphasized the need to protect Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents and enforce immigration laws. He suggested President Trump plans to expand the Guard’s homeland defense role. Democrats condemned the deployment as premature and escalatory, warning that active-duty troops are unfit for domestic law enforcement. Hegseth also faced criticism over leaked military information and internal Pentagon turmoil but largely sidestepped these concerns. New York Times

Republicans warn Trump that some deportations go too far. Some Republican lawmakers are voicing concern over the Trump administration's aggressive deportation strategy, warning it risks targeting peaceful, longtime residents and harming the economy. While most GOP members back deporting criminals and gang members, figures like Reps. David Valadao, Carlos Gimenez, and Tony Gonzales advocate prioritizing dangerous offenders over farm workers or refugees from authoritarian regimes. Others, like Reps. Don Bacon and Zach Nunn, support strict enforcement but emphasize case-by-case discretion. The debate signals growing unease within the GOP about mass deportations, especially ahead of 2026, as lawmakers worry about political backlash in swing districts and among Hispanic voters. Axios

U.S. Agencies Tracked Foreigners Traveling to See Musk. Between 2022 and 2023, multiple U.S. agencies, including the Department of Homeland Security and the Justice Department, monitored foreign nationals visiting Elon Musk’s properties due to concerns they might be attempting to influence him. The probe, which did not lead to charges, was prompted by Musk’s vast government ties through companies like SpaceX and his access to national security information. Officials grew wary of Musk’s frequent travel and meetings with individuals from Eastern Europe and other regions. Even staff at Musk’s pro-President Trump super PAC raised alarms about foreign involvement. The investigation, which predates Trump’s current term, highlights broader fears about foreign influence amid Trump’s new travel bans and visa restrictions. Wall Street Journal

US, China Agree on Trade Deal Framework. U.S. and Chinese negotiators have reached a tentative framework to revive their stalled trade truce, with both sides agreeing to restore the Geneva accord reached in May. The plan, finalized after two days of intense talks in London, still requires approval from Presidents Trump and Xi. Under the proposed deal, China will expedite the export of critical rare-earth minerals vital to the U.S. auto and defense industries. At the same time, the U.S. will ease certain export controls, including those on aerospace and semiconductor technology. However, key issues like China’s trade surplus, market dumping, and fentanyl exports remain unresolved. The fragile accord marks a shift from confrontation to cautious coordination, but it lacks detailed commitments, leading to skepticism about its enforcement. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent described the agreement as a first step toward broader negotiations. However, observers noted that mutual distrust and geopolitical tensions continue to loom over any long-term settlement. Further talks are expected, but no dates have been set. Bloomberg Wall Street JournalReutersWashington Post

ANALYSIS–How America and China spooked each other. As U.S. and Chinese officials met in London to revive their fragile trade truce, the costs and miscalculations of their escalating trade war became clear. The U.S. seeks China’s compliance with earlier promises to ease rare-earth export restrictions, vital for U.S. manufacturing. But China, emboldened by its economic resilience and rising exports to other regions, has imposed slow, opaque licensing processes instead. While U.S. tariffs initially aimed to force concessions, they triggered tit-for-tat retaliation and disrupted both economies, particularly America's automotive sector. Ford idled a plant, and industry groups warned of broader supply-chain risks. China has proven willing to endure pain to assert its leverage, revealing the potency of its rare-earth chokehold. The U.S. now counters with tech export bans and visa restrictions. Neither side can claim victory; both are locked in mutual dependency. The result is an uneasy pattern of escalation and restraint—an economic standoff with no clear end. The Economist

US, Mexico Near Deal to Cut Steel Duties and Cap Imports. The U.S. and Mexico are nearing a deal that would remove President Trump’s 50% steel tariffs on Mexican imports, provided shipments stay below a new cap based on historical trade volumes. The cap would be higher than a similar agreement from Trump’s first term. While the deal is not finalized, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick is leading the talks, with Trump’s sign-off still required. Mexican Economy Minister Marcelo Ebrard argues the tariffs are unjustified, citing Mexico's steel trade surplus with the U.S. The talks come amid broader tensions, including U.S. accusations that Mexican President Sheinbaum is encouraging anti-deportation protests—claims she denies. The potential deal, which could be announced before the upcoming G7 summit, is seen as part of a broader negotiation over immigration, trade, and regional security. News of the talks sent U.S. steel stocks lower, with industry stakeholders divided on whether the tariffs help or hurt the economy. Bloomberg

Gabbard warns of ‘nuclear holocaust’ in ominous social media video. U.S. Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard issued a stark warning about the growing risk of nuclear war, declaring the world is “closer to the brink of nuclear annihilation than ever before.” In a video posted after her visit to Hiroshima, Gabbard criticized political “warmongers” for escalating tensions among nuclear powers, referencing the devastation of the 1945 atomic bombing and contrasting it with today’s far more powerful nuclear arsenals. She called on ordinary citizens to reject the current path toward war, claiming elites feel protected by access to shelters. Her comments—rare for a high-ranking U.S. official—coincide with Trump administration struggles over stalled diplomacy with Iran and Russia, rising nuclear threats, and calls for new ceasefires in Ukraine and the Middle East. Gabbard emphasized the need for peace, aligning with President Trump’s stated goal of avoiding nuclear conflict, though her remarks stirred international attention and media scrutiny. PoliticoThe HillFrance 24

U.S. Army Launches Major Modernization Effort. The U.S. Army has unveiled a sweeping restructuring under "1.0," merging key commands, phasing out aging aircraft, and bolstering long-range precision capabilities to better address 21st-century threats. Axios

Boeing Orders Surge in May as Aircraft Become Key Trade Lever. Boeing recorded its highest monthly aircraft order intake since December 2023, securing 303 orders in May, including major deals that were announced during President Trump's Middle East visit. The standout was a record order from Qatar Airways for 120 787 Dreamliners and 30 777X jets. Boeing also sold 146 737 Max planes, 119 of which were to unidentified buyers. The strong performance gives the company momentum ahead of next week's Paris Air Show, a key industry event where rival Airbus typically dominates. The company is recovering from a major crisis last year, and hit its 737 Max production cap of 38 jets in May. Despite these gains, both Boeing and Airbus face long order backlogs and ongoing supply chain challenges. Airbus delivered 51 jets last month and is battling engine and parts shortages, putting pressure on its annual delivery goals. The competitive landscape is heating up as both companies prepare for key showcases and negotiations. Bloomberg

At least 7 dead following string of explosions in southwest Colombia. A series of coordinated explosions in southwest Colombia on Tuesday killed at least seven people and injured over 50, targeting police forces in cities like Cali and surrounding areas in the Cauca and Valle del Cauca departments. Authorities reported over 20 attacks, including car bombings and gunfire, with two police officers among the dead. The guerrilla group Estado Mayor Central is suspected, but has not claimed responsibility, instead accusing the government of breaking the peace process. Cali’s mayor said the situation was under control but compared the violence to Colombia’s deadly past. Military forces reportedly prevented additional attacks and arrested two suspects. Analysts say the violence reflects a strategy by armed groups to pressure the government into concessions, extending their influence beyond rural areas into major urban centers. The attacks follow the recent attempted assassination of presidential candidate Miguel Uribe Turbay. ReutersCNNAssociated Press

THE UKRAINE UPDATE

US to cut military aid to Ukraine, Hegseth says.During a House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense hearing in Washington on Tuesday, U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said that the upcoming defense budget will include a reduction in military aid to Ukraine. Hegseth told lawmakers that the administration believes that a negotiated settlement with Russia better serves U.S. interests amid competing global priorities. He did not specify the size of the cut. The announcement follows intensified Russian strikes on Ukrainian cities and Kyiv’s urgent requests for air defense systems, which Ukraine has offered to purchase outright. Since the 2022 invasion, the U.S. has given over $66 billion in defense aid to Ukraine, but President Trump halted new packages after taking office in January. The U.S. also diverted 20,000 anti-drone missiles originally bound for Ukraine to the Middle East, and Hegseth skipped the June 4 Ukraine Defense Contact Group meeting—an unprecedented absence. Kyiv Independent

How AI guided Ukraine’s drones to hit Russian airfields. Ukraine’s recent “Operation Spiderweb” drone strikes on Russian airfields showcased how artificial intelligence is transforming modern warfare. The drones, developed by Ukrainian firms like First Contact and The Fourth Law, used AI to autonomously navigate pre-programmed routes and strike targets even after losing communication signals—demonstrating advanced capabilities amid heavy Russian electronic jamming. These specially designed quadcopters feature enclosed frames, anti-jamming tech, and precision targeting systems. Meanwhile, Ukraine is also scaling up drone interceptors to counter Russian surveillance and kamikaze UAVs, though it still lacks mass production capacity to combat long-range Shahed drones effectively. Russia, too, is innovating, employing drones with autonomous targeting and fiber optic cables that bypass signal jamming. This simple yet highly effective tactic has enabled faster Russian advances, especially in the Kursk region. Ukrainian producers like TAF Drones are racing to catch up, now producing 10,000 fiber optic drones monthly—but estimate they’ll need 70,000 to counter Russian gains effectively. Financial Times

NATO Seeks to Include Ukraine Funds in New Spending Target. At the upcoming June 24-25 NATO summit in The Hague, members are expected to adopt a streamlined defense-focused declaration committing to spend at least 5% of GDP on defense, 3.5% on core needs, and 1.5% on infrastructure and preparedness by 2032. Contributions to Ukraine’s defense may be counted toward this target. The short format aims to avoid public friction with President Donald Trump, who has pushed for higher spending. The draft identifies Russia as a "threat" to Euro-Atlantic security but stops short of naming it the aggressor in Ukraine or mentioning China. Absent are prior pledges, such as Ukraine’s NATO membership path or a renewal of last year’s $40 billion aid commitment to Kyiv. Bloomberg

Lithuania continues to battle for Ukraine to join NATO.Lithuanian Defense Minister Dovilė Šakalienė reaffirmed her country’s unwavering support for Ukraine’s NATO membership, warning that backing down would compromise the alliance’s credibility. As Russia’s war continues, Lithuania—geographically vulnerable via the Suwałki Gap—views Ukraine’s integration as essential to European security. Šakalienė criticized efforts by leaders like U.S. President Donald Trump, Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, and Slovakia’s Robert Fico to block Ukraine’s accession, asserting that only NATO—not Moscow—should decide membership. She stressed that Russia, along with China, North Korea, and Iran, forms a “new axis” aiming to dismantle the global order. Šakalienė called for faster implementation of NATO defense spending goals, including increasing national targets to 5% of GDP by 2030, and urged the alliance to accelerate arming Ukraine. Despite U.S. policy shifts under Trump, she expressed confidence in continued American support and noted that NATO plans to create a formal process for notifying allies about future U.S. troop withdrawals from Europe. Politico EU

Russia hits Kharkiv with deadly nighttime barrage of drones.Russia early Wednesday launched a deadly nine-minute drone barrage on Kharkiv, Ukraine’s second-largest city, killing three people and injuring 64, including nine children. The attack, involving 17 drones, ignited fires in residential buildings and hit playgrounds, public transport, and businesses. It followed Russia’s two largest air assaults of the war, which Moscow claims are retaliation for Ukrainian strikes inside Russia. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said the attack proves current international pressure on Russia is insufficient. The Ukrainian military reported that 85 drones were launched across multiple regions overnight, with 40 shot down and others diverted using electronic warfare. Emergency crews responded amid nighttime fires and destruction, as Kharkiv's mayor vowed resilience. Kyiv IndependentReuters

Russia’s Top Peace Negotiator Is a Historian Who Justified the War. Vladimir Medinsky, Russia’s chief peace negotiator and former culture minister, is using historical narratives to justify Moscow’s demands in talks with Ukraine. Known for promoting patriotic education and downplaying Russia’s darker past, Medinsky warns Ukraine that continued resistance will lead to further territorial losses. He cites historical examples like Russia’s 21-year war with Sweden to assert that prolonged wars favor Moscow. However, Ukrainian officials argue Medinsky’s rhetoric merely echoes Putin’s expansionist ambitions and impedes genuine negotiations. While some prisoner exchanges have been agreed upon, no major breakthroughs have occurred. Ukraine views Medinsky as a Kremlin mouthpiece, not an independent negotiator, and rejects his framing of the war as a familial dispute between “brothers.” Critics see Russia’s positioning as thinly veiled imperialism masked by historical revisionism. Meanwhile, Western officials note the high cost Russia is paying in casualties, exceeding Soviet losses in Afghanistan, undermining the notion of inevitable Russian victory in long wars. Wall Street Journal

How Former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev Turned War Into A Windfall. Since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has undergone a dramatic transformation—from perceived liberal reformer to ultra-nationalist hardliner—while foundations linked to him amassed about $850 million. Investigative reporting by RFE/RL found that 15 foundations tied to Medvedev saw their assets triple from 2015 to 2021 and 20222 to 2024, with much of the money supporting the Russian military and financing luxury real estate ventures. These foundations, often opaque, have funded equipment for troops and developments near Sochi and St. Petersburg. Medvedev, now deputy chair of Russia’s Security Council and United Russia party leader, has gained popularity via rabidly pro-war, anti-Western social media posts. His Telegram channel became the most-viewed in Russia, boosting his public trust rating to nearly 46%. Medvedev and his son Ilya have both been sanctioned by the West for supporting the war, while their financial dealings and property acquisitions continue to draw scrutiny.RFE/RL

Ukraine brings home bodies of 1,212 soldiers killed in war with Russia. Ukraine has repatriated the bodies of 1,212 soldiers killed in its war with Russia, officials from the prisoner exchange coordination committee announced on Wednesday via Telegram. The transfer follows a recent agreement between Kyiv and Moscow for a large-scale corpse exchange, though implementation has faced complications. President Volodymyr Zelensky earlier stated that Russia offered to return 6,000 bodies, but only about 15% had been identified. The repatriated remains will be examined by Ukrainian authorities to determine identities. Kyiv Independent

Ex-CIA director John Brennan calls Donald Trump's plan in Ukraine 'naive' and 'unsophisticated.' In a Sky News podcast on Wednesday, former CIA Director John Brennan sharply criticized President Donald Trump’s Ukraine policy as “naive” and “unsophisticated.” Brennan said Trump lacks a clear strategy and likely does not know what action he will take next regarding the war. He contrasted this uncertainty with Ukraine’s escalating military prowess, praising the country's battlefield experience and resilience. Brennan also suggested that Ukraine’s daring drone strike deep into Russia—Operation Spider’s Web—was likely supported by Western intelligence. Amid Trump’s domestic focus, including deploying troops against U.S. protesters, Brennan raised concerns that Trump might abandon Ukraine, even as Russia intensifies drone attacks and the war drags into another summer of attrition. Sky News

ISW Russian Occupation Update.Russia is escalating its occupation strategy in Ukraine through deportations, digital control, ideological indoctrination, and legal persecution. Kremlin-appointed Children’s Rights Commissioner Maria Lvova-Belova tacitly admitted Russia's illegal deportation of Ukrainian children by acknowledging her office is working on returning some of them. This confirms Ukrainian claims of over 19,500 abducted children, many of whom are orphans with no advocates in Russia’s legal system. Meanwhile, Russia is consolidating digital control in occupied territories, launching propaganda apps, and coercing residents into Russian passportization under the threat of phone disconnection. Schools in Kherson will promote high birth rates and traditional Russian values to reinforce Russification. In Crimea, occupation courts are handing down harsh “high treason” sentences—including one against a woman for buying a Ukrainian postage stamp. Simultaneously, Russia is using the “Great Russian Word” festival to enforce sociocultural domination via language, suppressing Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar identities while pushing anti-Western narratives in education across occupied regions. Institute for the Study of War

ISW Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment for Tuesday, Jan. 10. Russian President Vladimir Putin is oscillating between ethnic nationalist and multiethnic rhetoric, but remains firmly committed to anti-Western messaging and militarizing youth through patriotic education programs like “Yunarmiya” and pro-war school curricula. Russia is reportedly expanding its intake of North Korean labor migrants—despite violating United Nations sanctions—with the intent to bolster its workforce and potentially recruit North Koreans into its military ranks, as defense ties with Pyongyang deepen. Ukraine and Russia carried out a second round of prisoner of war exchanges on Tuesday, focusing on seriously wounded soldiers, following agreements made during talks in Istanbul.

Battlefield update: Ukrainian forces made tactical gains near Vovchansk, Borova, Lyman, and Toretsk, while Russian troops advanced around Kupyansk and Toretsk.Institute for the Studyof War.

EUROPE

EU Proposes Nord Stream Ban, Cutting Oil Price Cap to Hit Russia. The European Commission has proposed a sweeping 18th package of sanctions targeting Russia’s energy sector, financial institutions, and military-industrial supply lines. Key measures include banning all transactions related to the Nord Stream 1 and 2 gas pipelines, lowering the Russian oil price cap from $60 to $45 per barrel, and cutting 22 additional Russian banks from the SWIFT system. Brussels also aims to block imports of Russian oil refined in third countries and blacklist 77 vessels in Russia’s shadow fleet. A €2.5 billion export ban will target critical industrial materials and dual-use technologies. The sanctions must be approved unanimously by EU member states and are timed ahead of the G7 summit. Wall Street JournalPolitico EU BloombergReutersKyiv Independent

Germany's imports from Russia fall by 95% since start of Ukraine war. Germany’s imports from Russia have plummeted by 95% and exports by 72% since the start of the Ukraine war, according to Germany’s statistics office, Destatis. The European Union as a whole saw imports from Russia drop by 78% and exports fall by 65% from 2021 to 2024. Despite the sharp decline in trade, the EU still ran a €4.5 billion trade deficit with Russia in 2024, mainly due to continued oil and gas imports. This is a significant drop from the €147.5 billion deficit in 2022. While Russia has avoided U.S. tariffs, Western sanctions have dramatically reduced its trade with both the U.S. and EU. Still, its economy has performed better than expected during the war. However, Moscow now anticipates a 15% decline in oil and gas revenues due to falling prices, prompting a lowered forecast for state budget revenues from exports for 2025–2027. The EU is preparing an 18th sanctions package. Reuters

Finland summons Russian chargé d'affaires over second airspace violation in weeks. Finland summoned a Russian diplomat on Wednesday over a suspected airspace violation by a Russian military aircraft on June 10, the second such incident near Porvoo in southern Finland in less than three weeks. The Finnish Border Guard is investigating the breach, and the foreign ministry said it had called in Russia's acting head of mission to address the issue. A similar event involving two Russian military aircraft occurred on May 26. These incidents come amid heightened tensions in the Baltic Sea region, where NATO has bolstered its presence following Moscow’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, as well as a series of infrastructure disruptions affecting power cables, telecom links and gas pipelines. Ukrainska Pravda ReutersKyiv Independent

Poland’s Tusk set to win confidence vote, but faces uphill slog to govern. Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk is expected to win a confidence vote on Wednesday, but his government faces mounting challenges after nationalist Karol Nawrocki’s narrow presidential victory on June 1. While Tusk’s pro-EU coalition holds a majority in the Sejm (242 of 460 seats), it lacks the three-fifths needed to override presidential vetoes, leaving key reforms vulnerable. Nawrocki, aligned with Trump-style populism, is likely to block initiatives on abortion, civil partnerships, and judiciary reform. Internal coalition tensions have grown, with some MPs blaming Tusk’s campaign leadership for recent electoral setbacks. Coalition partners are now pressing for action on promises like housing, healthcare, and public media reform. Despite disagreements, leaders seek unity ahead of the 2027 election. Tusk’s upcoming policy speech is expected to emphasize common ground with Nawrocki on defense and security, aiming to reassure allies amid political instability. Polls currently suggest nationalists could reclaim power if the coalition loses cohesion or public support. Politico EU

Russian court sentences Navalny ally in absentia to 18 years in prison, TASS reports. State news agency TASS reported on Wednesday that a Russian court has sentenced Leonid Volkov, a senior ally of the late opposition leader Alexei Navalny, to 18 years in prison in absentia. Volkov, who resides outside Russia, was tried in connection with Navalny’s political movement, which the Kremlin has labeled as extremist. Navalny’s allies argue the designation was intended to suppress genuine political opposition to long-time leader Vladimir Putin. Reuters

Rioters in Northern Ireland attack police, torch buildings for second night. Northern Irish police in the town of Ballymena were reeling as hundreds of masked rioters attacked law enforcement, set homes and cars on fire, and fueled widespread chaos on Tuesday night—the second consecutive night of violence following a protest over an alleged sexual assault involving two teenage boys. Police responded with water cannons and non-lethal rounds after being targeted with petrol bombs and debris. The unrest, which police say includes racially motivated hate attacks, has resulted in multiple injuries, including 15 police officers. Multiple houses were burned, and several vehicles were torched. Calm was restored early Wednesday. Protests also spread to Belfast, Newtownabbey, and Carrickfergus. British and local officials condemned the violence, stressing that such disorder has no place in Northern Ireland, which remains politically sensitive even decades after the end of sectarian conflict. Reuters New York TimesCNNAssociated Press

THE MIDDLE EAST

Russia says it's ready to remove highly enriched uranium from Iran. On June 11, the Kremlin confirmed that Russia is prepared to assist the United States and Iran in easing nuclear tensions by offering to remove excess highly enriched uranium from Iran and convert it into reactor fuel—an approach aimed at bridging the gap over Tehran's nuclear program. Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov emphasized that this practical step, which includes both political support and technical action, would be pursued if considered useful by both Washington and Tehran. The offer follows Putin's earlier conversation with Trump, reaffirming Moscow's willingness to facilitate negotiations using its close ties with Iran as leverage. This development comes as President Trump has expressed growing skepticism about reaching a new nuclear deal, warning that Iran may be employing delays in talks and reaffirming that Washington will not allow uranium enrichment without a binding agreementIran continues to assert its right to peaceful nuclear energy and rejects full cessation of enrichment on its soil, underscoring that any removal of enriched uranium must be conditional and collectively agreed upon. ReutersRFE/RL

Trump tells Netanyahu he still wants to defuse Iran crisis with talks. In a recent phone call with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, President Trump again expressed opposition to military action against Iran, saying he still sees a chance to reach a nuclear deal. The call came just days before a U.S.-set deadline for Tehran to respond to the latest nuclear proposal. According to sources, Trump acknowledged the regime’s stubbornness, but remained hopeful about an agreement. Netanyahu urged a credible military threat, warning that Iran may be stalling. Trump, however, was reportedly unconvinced. Meanwhile, U.S. CENTCOM commander Gen. Michael "Erik" Kurilla warned on Tuesday that an Israeli strike on Iran could endanger U.S. forces in the region, though he confirmed that a “wide range” of military options had been presented to Trump and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth. Axios Reuters

Iran Threatens U.S. Military Bases in Regional Tensions. Iran issued a warning that it would target U.S. bases in the Middle East if military conflict erupts, underscoring escalating tensions in the region.Reuters

US Holds Deep Doubts About Palestinian State, Ambassador Says. U.S. Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee said Tuesday that the U.S. no longer fully supports an independent Palestinian state, suggesting such a state could be established outside the West Bank. Huckabee blamed Hamas solely for the ongoing war and said it must release hostages to end the conflict. He also expressed support for the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation’s aid work, which bypasses Hamas. On Iran, Huckabee reiterated Trump’s hardline stance, emphasizing that Iran must cease uranium enrichment or face unspecified consequences. Huckabee also met with ultra-Orthodox Israeli leaders, warning that collapsing Netanyahu’s government could harm U.S.-Israel relations—a move critics in Israel saw as foreign interference. BloombergThe GuardianReutersJerusalem Post

Britain, Australia, Canada and other nations sanction 2 Israeli ministers for ‘inciting extremist violence’ against Palestinians. The UK, Canada, Norway, New Zealand, and Australia have slapped sanctions on two far-right Israeli cabinet ministers, Itamar Ben Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich, amid rising tensions over Israel’s relentless offensive in Gaza. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio condemned the sanctions, saying they undermine efforts to achieve a ceasefire and free hostages. Rubio also reiterated support for Israel, denouncing any equivalence between Israel and Hamas. The sanctioned ministers face asset freezes and travel bans, with the UK and others citing “repeated incitement to violence” and threats to the two-state solution. Ben Gvir once hailed settlers suspected of killing a West Bank teen as “heroes,” while Smotrich last year hinted it may be “justified and moral” to starve Gazans. Both ministers dismissed the penalties, while Israel’s foreign ministry called them “outrageous.” Australian leader Anthony Albanese called Israel and Washington’s response to the move “predictable.” The sanctions come as civilian casualties in Gaza spur more European countries to consider trade and arms restrictions on Israel. CNN Bloomberg Politico EUWall Street JournalReuters

Airlines again suspend flights to Israel. Following a Houthi missile strike near Tel Aviv's airport on May 4 and ongoing Israeli military operations in Gaza, global airlines suspended flights to and from Israel. Some carriers are now gradually resuming service. Latvia’s airBaltic restarted flights on June 6, while others, like Air Canada and Air India, have postponed their return until September 8 and June 19, respectively. British Airways and Poland’s LOT plan to resume flights mid-June, while Lufthansa and ITA Airways aim for June 23. Iberia Express has extended its suspension until June 30, and Ryanair has canceled flights through July 31. Reuters

36 Palestinians killed trying to obtain desperately needed aid in Gaza, officials say. Israeli gunfire killed 36 Palestinians and injured over 200 near aid sites across Gaza on Tuesday, as civilians desperately sought food amid a deepening humanitarian crisis. At least 163 people have been killed near these aid zones, and 1,495 wounded. The Israeli military claims it fired warning shots at people approaching troops suspiciously, but witnesses say the fire, from both drones and tanks, was indiscriminate. Israel and the U.S. established new food distribution points, but the U.N. and major aid groups reject the system, saying it violates humanitarian principles and marginalizes existing channels. Only three sites are currently active, all surrounded by military zones. Palestinians must take great personal risk to reach them, often facing violence. Associated Press

A Flawed Attempt at Delivering Gaza Aid Led to a Wave of Deaths. A recent aid distribution effort in Gaza, directed by the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF) with support from the Israeli military and American contractors, has descended into chaos. On May 27, a site in Rafah was overwhelmed by desperate crowds, leading to looting, gunfire from Israeli forces, and the withdrawal of U.S. contractors. The site has since remained closed. GHF and its security partner Safe Reach Solutions (SRS) have faced major coordination and planning failures, including a lack of preparation, poor communication and insufficient staffing. Palestinians report dangerous conditions and frustratingly unpredictable schedules, with over 100 people reportedly killed while trying to access aid. Humanitarian organizations and over 20 countries have condemned the operation, saying it puts civilians at risk and bypasses established aid systems. Internal conflicts abound, with GHF’s CEO resigning over ethical concerns, and Boston Consulting Group withdrawing. Despite some efforts to improve distribution, such as delivering aid directly to communities and creating safe lanes for women and children, many in Gaza remain caught between hunger and danger while seeking basic aid. Wall Street Journal

Trump administration sanctions Palestinian NGOs, claiming ties to militant groups. The White House has imposed sanctions on the Palestinian human rights group Addameer and five Middle Eastern and European charities, accusing them of supporting militant groups like Hamas and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). Addameer, which provides legal aid to detained Palestinians, was previously raided by Israeli forces over alleged links to the PFLP—allegations the UN criticized due to lack of evidence. The U.S. Treasury claims Addameer has longstanding ties to the PFLP, which is considered a terrorist organization by Washington and the EU. Other sanctioned groups include charities based in the Netherlands, Turkey, Gaza, and Italy, which the U.S. accuses of being fronts for funding Hamas's military wing. Leaders of these organizations were also targeted. ReutersU.S. Department of the TreasuryAssociated Press

Iran executes nine suspected militants over Islamic State attack.Iran announced the execution of nine Islamic State (IS) militants on Tuesday, convicted for their role in a 2018 clash with Iran’s Revolutionary Guard that left several fighters and three troops dead. The executions, carried out by hanging, were upheld by Iran’s top court. Authorities said the militants had been found with a large weapons cache. However, rights advocates criticized the trials as unfair and noted a lack of updates on seven others detained in the same incident. According to the director of Iran Human Rights, the regime has executed an average of one person every six hours over the past eight months. IS, though weakened since losing its territory in Iraq and Syria, remains a threat and has carried out deadly attacks in Iran, including a 2017 assault on Tehran and 2024 suicide bombings that killed at least 94. The 2018 clash marked escalating hostilities between Iran and IS, prompting Iranian missile strikes in Syria. Associated PressReutersAl JazeeraTimes of Israel

AFRICA

Sudanese troops pull out of Libya-Egypt-Sudan border area after accusing Libya's Haftar forces of attack. The Sudanese army announced on Wednesday that it had withdrawn from the strategic border triangle shared with Libya and Egypt, a day after accusing Libyan commander Khalifa Haftar’s forces of launching an attack in coordination with Sudan’s rival paramilitary group, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The military, largely composed of ex-rebel groups aligned with the army, claimed the corridor was being used to smuggle weapons, allegedly with backing from the UAE—an accusation the Gulf state has repeatedly and staunchly denied. Haftar’s forces, in turn, denied involvement in the situation, and claimed that Sudanese army allies had attacked Libyan patrols. The contested area lies near al-Fashir, a key frontline in Sudan’s ongoing civil war. Reuters ReutersAl JazeeraSudan Tribune

US wants Rwandan troops out of Congo before peace deal signed, sources say. Sources say that the U.S. is pushing a peace deal that would require Rwanda to withdraw its troops, arms and equipment from Congo’s restive east before finalizing an agreement—an unpopular condition for Kigali, which views Congo-based militias as a national security threat. The proposal, part of the Trump administration's broader effort to stabilize the mineral-rich region and attract Western investment, includes terms to de-escalate fighting and establish a joint security mechanism. Rwanda has deployed thousands of troops to support the M23 rebel group, which earlier this year captured key cities in eastern Congo. Though Rwanda denies backing M23, the U.S. and Congo see withdrawal as essential to peace. The draft deal, confirmed by diplomatic sources, also calls for M23's inclusion in Congo’s national dialogue, a significant concession that Kinshasa strongly opposes. Talks are ongoing in Washington and Doha, but progress remains slow. Rwanda has yet to respond to the draft, and a Congolese official accused Kigali of stalling. Reuters

US shifts Africa security strategy amid global pivot. The U.S. military is pivoting its Africa strategy to prioritize partner self-reliance, urging African allies to take greater ownership of regional security as American forces scale back direct engagement. Previously emphasizing governance, development, and capacity building, the approach now focuses on training, intelligence sharing, and preparing local militaries to operate independently amid rising threats from jihadist movements and growing influence from China and Russia. This shift coincides with a broader reassessment of U.S. posture in Africa. Africa Command (AFRICOM) is under review, with discussions underway about merging it with other regional commands and reducing permanent troop presence, while maintaining support through exercises and capacity-building programs like African Lion. The recalibration reflects strategic resource allocation under the Trump administration, aligning with global competition priorities yet prompting concern about leaving security gaps in the Sahel and Horn of Africa. Deutsche Welle

Tanzania’s First Female Leader Championed Human Rights. Now She’s Turning to Repression. Tanzanian President Samia Suluhu Hassan, once celebrated as a reformer and human rights advocate, is now facing growing accusations of authoritarianism, tyranny and repression ahead of October's presidential election. Critics say her government has abducted, tortured, and killed political opponents, with more than 70 disappearances documented since she took power in 2021. Hassan’s administration has banned opposition parties, jailed her main challenger Tundu Lissu on treason charges, and suppressed dissent through media closures and arrests. The shift marks a dramatic reversal from her earlier reformist image, when she reopened banned newspapers, allowed opposition rallies, and earned international praise. Now, activists and foreign observers accuse her of committing human rights abuses and using brutal tactics to secure her grip on power. International condemnation is growing, with the EU and U.S. calling for investigations. Hassan defends her actions as necessary for protecting national sovereignty, dismissing foreign criticism as interference. Wall Street Journal

Critics call on Togo’s long-time president to resign after protests over new role permitting indefinite rule. Togo’s President Faure Gnassingbé has fallen under increasing pressure in the wake of a government crackdown on protestors who demanded his resignation. The mounting unrest follows recent constitutional changes, which could allow Gnassingbé to remain in power indefinitely by making him head of the Council of Ministers, a role without term limits. Activists on Tuesday denounced the arrest and alleged abuse of dozens of protesters; at least 25 are still detained. Amnesty International and opposition groups have criticized the government's actions, calling the constitutional shift a “coup” and urging the release of detainees. Despite a ban on demonstrations since 2022, anger over the regime's 20-year rule is growing. Gnassingbé has ruled the nation since the death of his father in 2005. Associated PressBarron's

ASIA & OCEANIA

China deploys two aircraft carriers simultaneously for the first time.For the first time, China has deployed two aircraft carriers simultaneously in the Pacific, a move that Taiwanese Defence Minister Wellington Koo described as a clear political signal of China’s “expansionist nature” and ambitions. Japan echoed similar concerns on Tuesday, seeing the maneuver as a push to extend China's military reach beyond its borders. The carriers, Liaoning and Shandong, crossed from the first island chain—near Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines—into the second, which stretches toward Guam, a U.S. territory. China said the activity was routine training, not aimed at any nation. Taiwan, wary of Beijing’s military drills, is closely monitoring the situation and continues to modernize its defenses, including a delayed but ongoing delivery of advanced U.S.-made F-16V fighter jets. Meanwhile, China has also increased naval and coast guard activity in East Asian waters, raising concerns in the region. Reuters

Rights group says global brands are at risk of links to forced labor in China’s minerals industry. A new report by Global Rights Compliance warns that global brands like Avon, Walmart, Nescafe, and Coca-Cola may be linked to forced labor through supply chains involving minerals from China’s Xinjiang region. The report notes that 77 Chinese suppliers in critical mineral sectors—such as titanium, lithium, beryllium, and magnesium—operate in the western territory, where the Chinese government allegedly forces Uyghurs and other Turkic minorities to toil under coercive “labor transfer programs.” These minerals are used in products ranging from paint and thermos cups to aerospace and auto components. The report urges companies to reassess their supply chains. The Chinese government denies allegations of forced labor, framing its actions as anti-terrorism measures. The findings follow international concern, including a 2022 UN report suggesting crimes against humanity in Xinjiang and a 2021 U.S. law barring imports tied to forced labor. As critical mineral sourcing becomes increasingly dependent on China, scrutiny of such supply chains is intensifying. Associated Press

U.N. nuclear watchdog suspects North Korea may be constructing new uranium-enrichment site.In a new report, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) chief Rafael Grossi suggested that North Korea seems to be constructing a new uranium-enrichment facility at its main nuclear complex in Yongbyon. This would mark the third known enrichment site, alongside facilities in Yongbyon and Kangson. The IAEA notes that the new building’s dimensions resemble those of the Kangson plant, suggesting expanded nuclear weapons production under leader Kim Jong-un’s directive to grow North Korea’s arsenal. Pyongyang continues to produce both plutonium and highly enriched uranium, reprocessing spent fuel and operating centrifuges, potentially at undisclosed locations. Despite U.N. bans, it has conducted multiple nuclear and missile tests and is now developing delivery systems like submarines and underwater drones. While past negotiations with the U.S. collapsed in 2019, North Korea has since focused on deepening military ties with Russia, showing little interest in resuming talks. Analysts estimate the country already holds around 50 nuclear warheads and materials for dozens more. New York TimesBloombergYonhap News Agency

South Korea’s military ceases loudspeaker broadcasts aimed at Pyongyang. As part of a potential shift in policy under newly inaugurated South Korea President Lee Jae-myung, Seoul has suspended its loudspeaker broadcasts along the North Korean border. The round-the-clock propaganda and K-pop broadcasts, which resumed in the summer of 2024 in response to North Korea’s repeated trash balloon launches, were halted as part of efforts to restore trust and peace between the two Koreas. President Lee has pledged to end anti-Pyongyang leaflet campaigns and military broadcasts to ease tensions and improve inter-Korean relations. "Now it is North Korea's turn to respond," said one lawmaker. "Please stop broadcasting noise at the South." Yonhap News AgencyReutersBBC

UN warns that violence in Myanmar sets war-torn nation on ‘path to self-destruction’. U.N. envoy Julie Bishop has warned that Myanmar is heading toward "self-destruction" unless its ongoing violence ends. Despite a deadly earthquake in March that killed over 3,000 people, fighting continues, with ceasefires largely ignored. The country remains in crisis following the military's 2021 coup, which sparked armed resistance from ethnic militias and pro-democracy forces. Over 6,600 civilians have reportedly been killed, and more than 22,000 political prisoners, including Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, remain detained. A flood of weapons into the nation is also driving violence. Bishop urged Myanmar's leaders to reconsider their military-driven strategy, cautioning that upcoming elections could worsen instability without inclusive political dialogue. She also highlighted the dire situation of the Rohingya minority, caught in conflict and living in extreme poverty. A U.N.-backed conference on September 30 aims to address solutions for the Rohingya and other persecuted groups. Associated PressUN News

CYBER, TECH & MARKETS

OpenAI taps Google in unprecedented cloud deal despite AI rivalry, sources say. OpenAI has struck a surprising cloud-computing partnership with Google, finalized in May, to supplement its massive computing needs for AI model training and operation. This move marks a major diversification from its traditional reliance on Microsoft’s Azure, complementing other deals with SoftBank, Oracle, and CoreWeave under its ambitious "Stargate" infrastructure initiative. The deal benefits Google Cloud by boosting its AI-focused revenue and showcasing its cutting-edge TPUs, while also signaling that competition in the AI domain isn't preventing strategic collaborations—especially amid escalating demand for computation and mounting regulatory pressure. Reuters

Blackstone Plans $500 Billion Europe Investment, CEO Says. Blackstone Inc. plans to invest up to $500 billion in Europe over the next decade, highlighting the continent’s growing attractiveness amid global uncertainty. CEO Steve Schwarzman called Europe a “major opportunity,” noting policy shifts and higher growth potential. The firm has already invested $100 billion in the UK, making it one of the country’s largest foreign investors and the top manager of European real estate. Blackstone’s London office, now with 650 employees, will soon relocate to a new location in Mayfair. The company is also eyeing the Middle East—particularly Riyadh and Dubai—as emerging international investment hubs, moving beyond just raising capital there. Blackstone’s expansion aligns with broader trends, as global asset managers increasingly tout Europe as a promising investment environment.Bloomberg

While the Senate considers the Genius Act, a Russian Is charged with stablecoin laundering. Russian national Iurii Gugnin, also known as George Goognin, has been charged with laundering $530 million through stablecoins to help sanctioned Russian entities move funds into U.S. banks. Gugnin founded fintech firm Evita, which prosecutors say facilitated $2 billion in global transactions, often converting tether into U.S. dollars to bypass sanctions. Evita’s clients included sanctioned Russian banks, arms suppliers, and entities linked to Russia’s nuclear agency and intelligence services. The case has intensified scrutiny of stablecoins like Tether, as the U.S. Senate considers the GENIUS Act, which would regulate the use of stablecoins and strengthen anti-money laundering controls. Critics, including Sen. Elizabeth Warren, warn that without tougher oversight, stablecoins risk becoming tools for foreign adversaries. Prosecutors allege Gugnin even proposed laundering funds for a Russian FSB official through China, and court filings revealed ties to Russian intelligence and military-industrial contacts. Gugnin’s internet history revealed concerns about being investigated by U.S. authorities. Wall Street Journal

Chinese premier urges accelerated adoption of new technologies to advance national goals. Chinese Premier Li Qiang told a State Council meeting on Monday that the country must accelerate the application of new advances in science and technology to break its dependence on U.S. tech and develop a leading industrial base. Li described applying new technologies as the "last mile" of innovation, citing its importance in driving new products and services. The premier urged the development of an evaluation process that focuses on how research projects can advance economic development, adding that enterprises play a crucial role in driving innovation. Li said capable firms should be encouraged to lead or participate in national S&T ventures and work more closely with universities to tackle key challenges facing industry. Last week, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, along with several other government agencies, released a plan to promote the digital transformation of China's food industry. South China Morning Post

Huawei CEO cites ‘comparable’ performance of Chinese-made AI chips to U.S. products. Ren Zhengfei, founder and CEO of Huawei Technologies, has emphasized in a front-page interview in the People's Daily that China's many advantages in developing AI include a substantial and young workforce, sufficient electricity supplies, and a developed information network. Ren said that chipmaking methods, such as stacking and clustering, produce computing results comparable to those of the world's most advanced programs. Ren's remarks were his first public references to the impact of U.S. sanctions. They echoed views widely held in China that the U.S. has been unable to halt China's technological progress, especially in the field of AI. He said, “In terms of software, there will be hundreds of open-source software [programs] in the future to meet the needs of the entire society." The Huawei CEO described AI as humanity's last technological revolution and said AI algorithms are increasingly "in the hands of power, infrastructure, coal, and pharmaceutical professionals." Ren projected expanding Chinese investments in fundamental research and noted that a third of Huawei's annual $25 billion funding of R&D projects is directed to theoretical research. South China Morning Post Reuters

Meta’s Zuckerburg establishing AI superintelligence lab with nine-figure pay push, reports say.Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg is personally spearheading a new AI "superintelligence" team, aiming to build the most advanced AI system in the world, according to reports from the New York Times and Bloomberg. He has been directly involved in recruiting top talent, reportedly offering seven- to nine-figure compensation packages and reshuffling Meta’s offices so the team works near him. Scale AI founder Alexandr Wang is reportedly joining the initiative, and Meta is in talks to invest billions in Scale and recruit some of its staff. Frustrated with the company's AI progress, Zuckerberg has taken a hands-on approach to speed things up. Despite aggressive recruitment, Meta has lost talent to competitors offering over $2 million annually. AxiosBloombergNew York Times

Chinese photonic chip project milestone boosts quantum capabilities. China's Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), located in Wuxi, has begun producing 6-inch thin-film lithium niobate photonic chip wafers, marking a milestone for the country's semiconductor sector. The CHIPX accomplishment is viewed as a boost to the country’s quantum computing capabilities. CHIPX, established in 2021, was recognized by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in May as a “key national pilot platform." The photonic chip project's manufacturing operations only began last September and are capable of producing 12,000 wafers annually, with each wafer yielding about 350 chips. The project will share its design and manufacturing experience with industry partners to accelerate the commercial adoption of the technology across 5G, 6G, AI data centers, and quantum computing networks. China is intensifying its investments in alternative technologies, such as compound semiconductors, photonics, and quantum computing, in response to U.S. semiconductor export restrictions. China's photonic chip market was projected to reach about $2.1 billion last year, up from $1.9 billion in 2023. South China Morning Post

Career FBI official with cybersecurity background appointed head of FBI Cyber Division. FBI Director Kash Patel has appointed Brett Leatherman, a seasoned FBI official with extensive experience in cybersecurity, as assistant director of the cyber division. In over two decades with the FBI, Leatherman worked in the Cleveland and Detroit field offices before joining the Cyber Division. As section chief of the FBI's National Security Cyber Operations, Leatherman collaborated with the intelligence community on state-affiliated cyber threats. Later, as deputy assistant director for cyber operations, Leatherman managed teams investigating sophisticated criminal and state-sponsored cyber groups and served as director of the National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force. In a LinkedIn post, Leatherman noted that his new role as head of the Cyber Division “is simple but not easy...disrupting criminal and nation-state actors, sharing intelligence that helps victims defend and recover, and shaping the broader operating environment through persistent engagement." The Record

House homeland security subcommittee reduces size of CISA funding cuts. The House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security has approved a funding bill for FY 2026 that reduces funding for the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) by $135 million, substantially less than the Trump administration's proposed reduction of $495 million. Subcommittee chair Rep. Mark Amodei said the funding measure "responsibly trimmed" the CISA budget. A House fact sheet pointed out that CISA would receive $2.7 billion under the proposal. Rep. Rosa DeLauro, the ranking member of the full Homeland Security committee, took issue with the House funding bill, commenting that it “weakens our national security, and leaves Americans vulnerable to attacks from our adversaries by sharply cutting cyber and infrastructure security.” Observers say the less-than-requested cuts demonstrate some bipartisan opposition to the extent of the administration’s intent to reduce CISA's mission scope. CyberScoop

IBM announces plans for a large-scale quantum computer capable of error correction. By 2028, IBM plans to build an error-corrected quantum computer with more computational capability than existing machines. The company's goal is to offer the computer to users via the cloud by 2029. Codenamed Starling, the machine will consist of a network of modules, each containing a set of chips and operated out of a new data center in Poughkeepsie, New York. Starling would represent a significant leap forward in quantum computing, particularly in the implementation of error correction. If it can overcome this technical hurdle, it would represent a triumph over competitors, which include Google, Amazon Web Services, and smaller startups such as Boston-based QuEra and PsiQuantum of Palo Alto. Jay Gambetta, vice president of IBM’s quantum initiative, believes IBM's advantage lies in its gathering of all the building blocks needed to incorporate error correction capabilities in a large-scale machine. A unique feature of Starling’s design will be its ability to diagnose errors in real time. This process, known as decoding, involves identifying if a measured quantum computer signal corresponds to an error. MIT Technology Review

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