Reconsidering Great Power Competition Below Armed Conflict

The Gray Zone is that place between war and peace where actors use a range of elements at their disposal to effect outcome.  We see it in everyday operations like disinformation and election interference or in using economic means to coerce an outcome.  China and Russia have been big fans of the practice and have employed it all over the world.

A recent independent, self-funded study of the issue by four experienced authors takes an in-depth look at what happens between nations just below the level of armed-conflict and how we should be thinking about gray zone operations as a future threat. 

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