A Reference for Cyber Operations

By Rhea Siers

Rhea Siers is the former Deputy Associate Director for Policy at NSA.  She currently works as a cybersecurity and national security consultant, attorney and educator and teaches at the Elliott School of International Affairs (George Washington University) and Johns Hopkins University.

NATO’s Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence last month published the Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations, a follow-on project to the first, 2013, edition of the manual, which focused on cyber operations in peacetime.

The work of a distinguished and geographically diverse group of legal experts is the culmination of a yearslong effort, and picks up where the first – the Tallinn Manual 1.0 – left off, addressing the bulk of cyber activity, which falls below the threshold of war.

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