A "Brown Water" Navy

By Robert Knake

Rob Knake is the Whitney Shepardson Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. His work focuses on Internet Governance, public-private partnerships, and cyber conflict.  Knake served from 2011 to 2015 as Director for Cybersecurity Policy at the National Security Council.

Through a series of attacks over the last three years, Iran has revealed a limited offensive cyber capability but a willingness to use it to meet its geopolitical goals.

In testimony calling out Iran for attacks on Sands Casinos, Director of National Intelligence James Clapper put Iranian cyber capability in the same category as North Korea, noting that these countries had “lesser technical capabilities.” China and Russia, on the other hand, have “very sophisticated programs.”

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